1. Southeast Asia Section 1
• Influenced by China and India, Southeast Asia developed many vibrant, complex cultures.
• European colonialism left a legacy that continues to affect the region’s politics and economics.
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2. Landforms and Resources
SECTION
Landforms and Resources 1
Southeast Asia: Mainland and Islands
Peninsulas and Islands
• Mainland Southeast Asia lies on two peninsulas
- rectangular Indochinese Peninsula is south of
China
- Malay Peninsula is 700-mile strip south from
mainland
• Malay Peninsula bridges mainland and island archipelagoes
- archipelago—set of closely grouped islands,
often in a curved arc
- Malay Archipelago includes the Philippines,
Indonesian islands
Continued . . .
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3. Mountains and Volcanoes
SECTION 1
continued Southeast Asia: Mainland and Islands
Mountains and Volcanoes
• Mainland mountain ranges, like Annamese Cordillera, run north-south
- fan out from northern mountainous area
• Island mountains are volcanic in origin, part of Pacific Ring of Fire
- volcanic eruptions, earthquakes are common in
region
Map
Continued . . .
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4. Rivers and Coastlines Resources
SECTION 1
continued Southeast Asia: Mainland and Islands
Rivers and Coastlines
• Several large mainland rivers run south through mountain valleys
- spread out into fertile deltas near coast
• Mekong River starts in China, ends in wide delta on Vietnam coast
- farming, fishing along river support millions of people
Image
Resources
• Volcanic activity, flooding rivers create nutrient-rich, fertile soil
• Rivers, seas provide fish; some areas have petroleum, tin, gems
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5. Migration and Conquest
Human Geography of Southeast Asia, Oceania, and Antarctica:
Migration and Conquest
China and India influenced Southeast Asia, while Pacific islanders remained isolated. Eventually, European colonization greatly altered the entire region.
Thatbyinnyu Temple in Bagan, Myanmar.
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6. Climate and Vegetation
SECTION
Climate and Vegetation 2
Widespread Tropics
Year-Round Rains
• Tropical wet climate in coastal Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Oceania
- also in most of Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines
• High temperatures—annual average of 80 degrees in Southeast Asia
• Parts of Southeast Asia get 100, even 200 inches of rain annually
• Some variations—high elevations in Indonesia have glaciers
Image
Continued . . .
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7. SECTION 21
continued Widespread Tropics
Wet and Dry Seasons
• Tropical wet and dry climate borders the wet climate
- weather is shaped by monsoons
- found in parts of Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam
• Temperatures are consistently hot, but rainfall varies
• Monsoon areas often have disastrous weather
- typhoons can occur in region during the wet season
Continued . . .
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8. Tropical Plants • Southeast Asia has great vegetation diversity
SECTION 21
continued Widespread Tropics
Tropical Plants
• Southeast Asia has great vegetation diversity
- tropical evergreen forests near equator
- deciduous forests in wet and dry zone
- teak is harvested commercially
• Oceania doesn’t have diverse vegetation
- low islands have poor soil, little rain (few plants)
- high islands have rich volcanic soil, rain (flowers, coconut palms)
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9. Southeast Asia A Long History of Diversity Nations in the Region
SECTION
Southeast Asia 1
A Long History of Diversity
Nations in the Region
• Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar
- also the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
Early History
• China rules northern Vietnam from 111 B.C. to A.D. 393
• India’s Hinduism, Buddhism influence regional religion, art
• Early Southeast Asian states don’t have set borders
- mandalas—rings of state power around central
court
- Khmer Empire—Cambodian mandala that lasts
from 800s to 1400s
Chart
Continued . . .
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10. SECTION 1
continued A Long History of Diversity
Powerful States
• From 1300 to 1800 five powerful states exist in Southeast Asia
- in today’s Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, Java, Malay Peninsula
- similar to mandalas, but larger and more complex
• Burmese, Vietnamese, Thai, Javanese national identities develop
• Urbanization takes place, large cities grow
- Malay Peninsula’s Malacca has 100,000 people in early 1500s
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11. Colonialism and Its Aftermath
SECTION 1
Colonialism and Its Aftermath
European Control
• States trade with Arabian, Indian merchants; Islam grows in islands
• In 1509, Europeans mostly seek money, not colonies
• Europe controls area’s trade, money goes to Europe
• By 1900, all of region, except Siam (Thailand), is colonized
• Colonies forced to farm commodities: rubber, sugar, rice, tea, coffee
• Nationalism unites allies against rulers
Interactive
Continued . . .
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12. SECTION 1
continued Colonialism and Its Aftermath
Independence
• Japan seeks “Asia for Asians,” occupies, exploits region during WWII
• After war, states seek independence
• Indochina—French colonial Cambodia, Laos, North, South Vietnam
- Vietnamese defeat French in 1954, win
independence for all Indochina
• U.S. becomes involved in Vietnam War
( )
- tries to stop Communist control of South Vietnam
- U.S. leaves in 1973, South Vietnam surrenders in 1975
- Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos become Communist
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13. An Uneven Economy Traditional Economies
SECTION 1
An Uneven Economy
Traditional Economies
• Agriculture is region’s main income source; rice is chief food crop
- Myanmar is heavily forested; produces teak wood
• Lack of industry
- Vietnam War destroyed factories, roads
- war refugees left region, reduced work force
- political turmoil in Cambodia, Myanmar blocks
growth
• Vietnam builds industry, seeks foreign investment and trade
Continued . . .
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14. SECTION 1
continued An Uneven Economy
Industry and Finance
• Some countries have more highly developed economies
- Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand
- form economic alliance ASEAN—Association of Southeast Asian Nations
- other four Southeast Asian countries join ASEAN after 1994
• Nations don’t industrialize until 1960s
- industries: agriculture, textile, clothing, electronic products
- Singapore is a finance center
Image
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15. A Rich Mosaic of Culture
SECTION 1
A Rich Mosaic of Culture
Religious Diversity
• Includes Buddhism; Catholicism (Philippines); Islam (Indonesia)
- other religions are Hinduism and traditional, local
beliefs
Rich Artistic Legacy
• Buddhism, Hinduism influence region’s sculpture, architecture
- Cambodia’s ancient temple complex of Angkor
Wat
- Thailand’s Buddhist temples show modern
religious architecture
• Thailand, Indonesia have traditional costumed story dances
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16. Changing Lifestyles The Villages The Cities
SECTION 1
Changing Lifestyles
The Villages
• Wood houses on stilts protect against floods
• In Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Buddhist temple is center of village life
• Traditional clothing includes longyi—long, wrapped skirt of Myanmar
The Cities
• Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Singapore are modern business cities
• Housing shortage forces migrants into slums
Image
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