1. CARDIO #9 Look at page 261. What do role might this small church plays in its rural community?

2. Satellite View of Europe

3. Europeans have played an important part in shaping world culture. Europe’s first civilizations grew up near the Mediterranean Sea. Many kingdoms and empires followed. Later, explorers and settlers carried European languages and culture around the globe. Today, people speak European languages in many parts of the world. Europeans no longer rule world empires. However, many modern ideas about rights and government grew from European experiences.

4. Europe and Russia Physical Geography: Location Europe is a small continent, but many people live there. Europe is north of Africa. It is separated from Africa by the Mediterranean Sea. Europe stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to Asia in the east. The northern shores of Europe touch the Arctic Ocean. Northern, Western and Eastern Hemisphere

5. Atlantic Ocean on the West Mediterranean Sea to the South Arctic Ocean to the North Ural Mountains to the East (separates Russia West and east) Population: (1996) 806 million (including European Russia) Boundaries

6. Who is on the west of Europe? Atlantic Ocean on the West Who is on the south of Europe? Mediterranean Sea to the South Who is on the north of Europe? Arctic Ocean to the North Who is on the east of Europe? Ural Mountains to the East Main Idea Check

7. REGIONSREGIONSREGIONSREGIONS REGIONSREGIONSREGIONSREGIONS

8. Unit 4: Europe and Russia Section 1: Physical Features Europe has four major land regions 1.The Northwestern Highlands cover the northern parts of France, Great Britain, and Scandinavia. The climate is severe and the soil is too thin for farming; few people live here.

9. 2. The North European Plain extends from southern England and France to the Ural Mountains in Russia. Here there is rich soil and good farmland; the population is dense. Unit 14: Europe and Russia

10. 3. The Central Uplands stretch across the center of southern Europe. This region has The Alpine Mountain System is a series of mountain ranges that cross Europe from Spain to the Balkans and extend to Georgia. This area has many small farms and is a popular tourist destination.

11. 4. the West Siberian Plain and the East Siberian Uplands. It is located beyond the Ural Mountains in Russia. This is a cold, harsh area with a scattered population.

12. Peninsulas in Europe: Northern Jutland Peninsula Scandinavian Peninsula

13. Peninsulas in Europe: Southern Iberian Peninsul a Italian Peninsul a Balkan Peninsul a Anatolea nPeninsu la Crimean Peninsul a

14. Many islands and island groups also belong to Europe. Iceland, Ireland, Malta, and the United Kingdom are all island nations. Islands in Europe Icelan d United Kingdom Ireland Malta

15. 1.What are the island in Europe? Iceland Ireland Malta United Kingdom Main Idea Check

16. BodiesBodiesofofWaterWaterBodiesBodiesofofWaterWater BodiesBodiesofofWaterWaterBodiesBodiesofofWaterWater Mediterranean Sea North Sea Atlantic Ocean Baltic Sea Blac k Sea Aegea nSea Adriatic Sea Tyrrheni an Sea Bay of Biscay Strait of Gibraltar Dardanelles Strait Arctic Ocean English Channel Caspi an Sea

17. Important rivers of Europe and Russia 1.The Rhine River begins in the Alps and stretches to the North Sea. The Rhine’s tributaries, smaller rivers and streams that connect to the main river, form a network of transportation corridors throughout Europe. 2. The Volga: the longest river in Europe, flows through western Russia to the Caspian Sea. The Volga and other rivers of Russia freeze during the Winter and are not navigable, that is, ships cannot travel on them. 3. The Danube begins in the mountains of Germany and flows through eight countries It is the second longest river in Europe and is navigable year-round.

18. The Rhine River

19. The Danube River 1770 miles

20. The Danube River e Flows through the 12 countries of Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, and the Ukraine. Where Buda & Pest Meet Biking Along the Danube

21. The Volga River e The longest river in Europe --> 2,300 miles.

22. The Volga River e The river is so polluted that the sturgeon catch has been decreased by 60%.

23. Capitals on the Rivers (1) Paris, right bank of the Seine London on the Thames Prague on the Vltava Budapest on the Danube

24. 1.What are the main rivers in Europe? Rhine Danube Volga 2. Which river is the longest? Volga Main Idea Check

25. Capitals on the Rivers (2) Berlin on the Spree Moscow on the Moscow River Rome on the Tiber Vienna on the Danube

26. Mountains rise in northern and southern Europe. A large plain covers the middle. The plain is called the Great European Plain. It runs from France in the southwest to Russia’s Ural Mountains in the northeast. The plain includes southeastern England. Mountains in Europe

27. The Alps Cover most of Switzerland, Austria, and parts of Italy and France.

28. Ural Mountains: “The Great Divide” e Divides the European and Asian sections of Russia. 1500 miles

29. 1.What are the main Mountains in Europe? Alps mountains Ural mountains Main Idea Check

30. Climate Regions The climate varies from one part of Europe to another. Far northern Europe is always cold. Most other parts of northern and central Europe have warm summers. Winters in these parts are cool or cold. Warm ocean winds keep the climate milder in western Europe than in eastern Europe. Southern Europe has a different climate. Most countries along the Mediterranean Sea have hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. This type of weather is known as a Mediterranean climate. The conditions are good for growing grapes, olives, and citrus fruit. Section 2: Humans and the Physical Environment

31. ClClimateimateClClimateimate ClClimateimateClClimateimate

32. The North European Plain

33. Long ago, Europe had more wild areas where animals could live. But over time, people cut down forests, and many areas have become polluted. Overhunting and overfishing have also threatened Europe’s animals. Europeans have set up wildlife preserves and conservation programs to protect the continent’s animals. Europe’s Animals

34. Europe and Russia have a wide variety of natural resources. Fossil fuels were formed over millions of years from the remains of ancient plants and animals. They include coal, oil, and natural gas. Fossil fuels are called non-renewable resources because when they are used up, they are gone forever. Section 3: Geographic Features and Natural Resources

35. Major Industrial Resources

36. Other resources 1.oil and gas (North Sea east of England and in Siberia) 2.Coal is mined in Great Britain, Germany, Eastern Europe, the Ukraine, and Russia. 3.Other European resources include copper and lead. 4. water In Western Europe. It is used for washing and drinking, irrigating crops, and transporting goods, and as an energy source. 5.The force of water from a waterfall or dam can spin machines called turbines.

37. RESOURCELOCATION CoalEurope, Russia HydroelectricEurope, Russia Natural gasRussia OilEurope, Russia Uranium (for nuclear power) Russia 5. The soil of the Northern European Plain is an important resource.

39. Major Environmental Disasters & Pollution Problems

40. Acid Rain

41. Classroom Discussion Questions 1.What are three important nonrenewable resources? 2.What energy resources are found in Russia but not in Europe?

42. CLASS WORK 1.Draw a political map of Europe (page 592) and Label: Countries Capitals Oceans Seas

43. Home Learning 1.Albania TiranaAlbania 2.Andorra Andorra la Vella 3.Armenia YerevanArmenia 4.Austria ViennaAustria 5.Azerbaijan BakuAzerbaijan 6.Belarus Minsk 7.BelgiumBrusselsBelgium 8.Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo 9.Bulgaria SofiaBulgaria 10.Croatia ZagrebCroatia Study the countries and capitals