1. LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP Thursday, December 3, 2009 Relevance of Climate Change for the Arctic Marine Biological System Presented by: Dr. Rolf Gradinger

2. Relevance of Climate Change for the Arctic Marine Biological System Dr. Rolf Gradinger School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences UAF

3. Data and pictures from Shelf Basin Interaction Studies 2002, 2004 NOAA Ocean Exploration 2005 Various Barrow fast ice trips Images by Raskoff, Bluhm, Hopcroft, Gradinger, Iken, Harper and www. Introduction

4. Poll Question What do you consider the top arctic issue related to global warming? A) Loss of Polar Bear Habitat B) Loss of ice cover C) Influence on the arctic food web D) All of the above are equally important

5. What do you consider the top arctic issue related to global warming? A) Loss of Polar Bear Habitat B) Loss of ice cover C) Influence on the arctic food web D) All of the above are equally important

6. Personally, how well informed do you feel you are about the different consequences of global warming? [Place clip art on the continuum below] Very well informed Fairly well informed Not at all informed Not very well informed

7. Arctic marine mammals: Ecological Applications 18, 2008

8. Arctic Realms Sea ice Pelagic Benthic Nekton

9. The microscopic life in sea ice Sea ice realm: Very little biological information Difficult to sample Corers, divers, surface melt ponds

10. The microscopic life inside ice For the Arctic: Bacteria (Archaea, Proteobacteria etc. ?? species) › 200 diatoms › 200 flagellates › 30 metazoans Allochthonous fauna

11. Sympagohydra tuuli

12. Diving Under-ice fauna: at least 5 species http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CriR2B_QbPc

13. Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida): link to seals and birds

14. Lets Pause for Two Questions from the Audience

15. Life in the water column: the plankton

16. The Pelagic fauna Calanus hyperboreus Historical Planktonic “bias”

17. Diving, nets and ROV

18. New records

19. Imaging Tools … combined with Box corer, and other mud collecting tools Benthos

20. Creepy crawlers Diverse infauna Abundant epifauna

21. Lets Pause for Two Questions from the Audience

22. The Arctic Seas: unique features

23. Characteristics of the Arctic 3 realms with >5000 invertebrate species Tight coupling between ice/water/benthos Huge gradients Open system

24. Coupling ice-water- benthos Life cycles /particle flux

25. Coupling ice-water- benthos Life cycles/ particle flux Zoo- plankton Benthos Ice algae Phyto- plankton Coupling between realms - examples Diving ducks Walrus Gray whale Bearded seal Demersal fish Zoo- plankton Benthos Phyto- plankton Ice algae Sea birds Pelagic fish Minke Bowhead

26. Characteristics of the Arctic 3 realms with >5000 invertebrate species Tight coupling between ice/water/benthos Huge gradients Open system

27. Hoizontal gradients http://www.whoi.edu/arcticedge/arctic_west02/update/020809_en3.html

28. Characteristics of the Arctic 3 realms with >5000 invertebrate species Tight coupling between ice/water/benthos Huge gradients Open system – Bering Strait/Chukchi Shelf

29. Bering Strait http://www.whoi.edu/arcticedge/arctic_west02/update/020809_en3.html

30. Lets Pause for Two Questions from the Audience

31. Implications of Arctic Change

32. Arctic Change

33. Loss of summer sea ice

34. Future predictions: Precipitation, warming

36. Lets Pause for Two Questions from the Audience

37. Observed and suggested biological response to Arctic Change

38. Arctic warming: Altered ice regime, increased freshwater run-off ?

39. Light Seeding by ice algae Sedimentation Mixing Ice Water Sediment Benthos Algal bloom Pycnocline Zooplankton Current/Late ice retreat Future/Early ice retreat Pycnocline Bluhm and Gradinger 2008

40. Changes in Antarctic food web Moline et al. 2004 (result from Antarctic LTER)

41. Changes in Antarctic food web Moline et al. 2004 (result from Antarctic LTER) Low freshwater run off Large algae Euphausiids Usable by whales Strong freshwater run off Small algae Salps Not usable by whales

42. Observed Biological Changes Increase in epifauna biomass (Norton Sound, Bering Sea) after Hamazaki et al. 2005 Northern range extensions in Chukchi Sea Sirenko et al. 2006 RUSALCA 2004

43. Decrease in benthic infauna (Bering Sea) Grebmeier et al. 2006

44. Poll Question What do you consider the top arctic issue related to global warming? A) Loss of Polar Bear Habitat B) Loss of ice cover C) Influence on the arctic food web D) All of the above are equally important

45. Outlook Change from benthic (e.g. walrus, grey whale) to pelagic ecosystem (e.g. ringed seals) Loss of habitat (walrus, ringed seal, polar bear) Species extinction Change in food web structure – both quality and quantity

46. Thank you to the sponsors of tonight's Web Seminar:

47. http://learningcenter.nsta.org

48. http://www.elluminate.com

49. National Science Teachers Association Dr. Francis Q. Eberle, Executive Director Zipporah Miller, Associate Executive Director Conferences and Programs Al Byers, Assistant Executive Director e- Learning LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP NSTA Web Seminars Paul Tingler, Director Jeff Layman, Technical Coordinator