1. The Protestant Reformation 1517

2. The Three Branches of Christianity One Church – The Five Patriarchs 1054 The Great Schism – Filioque, St. Peter, Greek/Latin Eastern (Greek) Orthodox Roman Catholic 1517 – Protestant Reformation

4. Indulgences Sin Temporal versus eternal punishment Penance Abuse of indulgences Leo X and St. Peter’s Basilica Sixtus IV – indulgences for the dead Tetzel - "As soon as a coin in the coffer rings / the soul from purgatory springs"

5. Pre-reformers Jan Hus – Bohemian, protested indulgences, immorality in clergy, burned at stake John Wycliffe – translator of Bible into English

6. Martin Luther German monk Philip Melancthon 1517 – 95 Theses in Wittenburg Still Catholic Gutenburg’s printing press

7. John Calvin Moved to Geneva from France Resisted papal authority Set up own society in Geneva - 1535 No mass, no monasteries, no longer Catholic, no singing except Psalms

8. The Counter Reformation 1517 - Oratory of Divine Love 1545 – Council of Trent called by Pope Paul III Monastic reforms, stricter rules Established Jesuits – militant missionaries (Ignatius Loyola) Inquisition – weed out heresies List of heretical texts

9. Ignatius Loyola Basque knight, mystical experiences Became monk, traveled to Jerusalem Returned during Counter- Reformation Wrote Spiritual Exercises Highly intellectual and ascetic Founded Jesuits – active missionaries

10. Political dimensions Northern Europe and Scandinavia turned Lutheran Southern, Central and Western Europe remained mainly Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox did not experience a reformation German-speaking lands in HRE were the first battleground Charles V and the Schmalkaldic League 1555 – Peace of Augsburg Only protected Lutherans, not Anabaptists or Calvinists