1. Relics of the wine- culture in the Sajó valley, Hungary Dr. Csuták, J. wineknight LEONARDO MEETING ÓZD, 11-13. APR. 2014.

2. Motto: „ Wine cultivation in Carpathian basin is not only tradition, but also the valuation of civilisation, as well.” (G. Csávossy)

3. Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley – Drainage area of the River Sajó 1. Search in the 1. Search in theSajó-valley

4. Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley– Wine-regions of Hungary (2012)

5. Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley– ecological conditions of wine growing Boros, László: (Teacher of High- school in the city of Nyíregyháza) Hystorico-geography of the Carpathian- basin’s grape- and wine-culture „ In the Carpathian basin till 250-300 m height above sea-level, wines with excellent quality can be produced on the South- and South- west-facing hills. On the other locations, border of viticulture extends to lower levels, only…. The Carpathian basin is situated near to the Northern clymatic cultivation border of grape. The fact that excellent quality of grapes (and wines) are produced in the Carpathian basin, is mainly due to mountain chain encircling the basin.”

6. Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley– - Questions - questionable Some signs of the present activity 100 years old cellarsPossible future

7. Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley studied area Studied region: Settlements in the Sajó-valleySettlements in the Sajó-valley Other connecting valleysOther connecting valleys The environs of RimaszombatThe environs of Rimaszombat The environs of RozsnyóThe environs of Rozsnyó The environs of EdelényThe environs of Edelény More important settlements and regions: Rozsnyó; Pelsőc; Tornalja; Vály-valley; Gömörszöllős; Putnok; Sajókaza; Bánhorváti; Sajószentpéter; Alacska; Parasznya; Pitypalatty-valley; Edelény; Borsodszirák; Sajóecseg; Szirmabesenyő;

8. Written reminiscences: The town of Putnok was the earliest written reference to grape- producing in Gömör County (1338), The town of Putnok was the earliest written reference to grape- producing in Gömör County (1338), After this time, a large number of written references to grape have appeared from the villages Berzét-Kőrős, Otrokocs, Alsóvály during 14- 15. centuries, After this time, a large number of written references to grape have appeared from the villages Berzét-Kőrős, Otrokocs, Alsóvály during 14- 15. centuries, In the 19th century region of Gömör-Kis-Hont was attached to Gömör county, therefore the area of viticulture in the new county reached 830 cadastral acre, In the 19th century region of Gömör-Kis-Hont was attached to Gömör county, therefore the area of viticulture in the new county reached 830 cadastral acre, According to native of the region, P. Magda „Most and best wines are produced in Putnok; good table-wines are from Ragály, Kelemér, Zubogy, Uza-Panyit, Rima-Szombat, Hajnáskő”. According to native of the region, P. Magda „Most and best wines are produced in Putnok; good table-wines are from Ragály, Kelemér, Zubogy, Uza-Panyit, Rima-Szombat, Hajnáskő”. Going along the river from North, there are wine-gardens with high and good quality in villages: Jólész, Sajógömör, Hubo, Hanva, Kövecses, Sajó-Keszi and Náprágy. Going along the river from North, there are wine-gardens with high and good quality in villages: Jólész, Sajógömör, Hubo, Hanva, Kövecses, Sajó-Keszi and Náprágy. Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley Reminiscences of the past No.1.

9. Fényes, Elek: important free, decimal, as well as manorial wine-yards cultivated by common nobles; Fényes, Elek: important free, decimal, as well as manorial wine-yards cultivated by common nobles; Along the little river Rima, villages Rimapálfalva, Zeherje Felsőpokorágy, Felsőszkálnok and Sid are mentioned as grape and wine producing settlements Along the little river Rima, villages Rimapálfalva, Zeherje Felsőpokorágy, Felsőszkálnok and Sid are mentioned as grape and wine producing settlements In the Szuha-valley, Trizs, Ragály, Zubony, Poszoba, Kelemér are the grape producing settlements. In the present name of the earlier Poszoba (Gömörszőlős; szőlő=grape), grape has appeared. In the Szuha-valley, Trizs, Ragály, Zubony, Poszoba, Kelemér are the grape producing settlements. In the present name of the earlier Poszoba (Gömörszőlős; szőlő=grape), grape has appeared. Vályi, András: About wines from Szuha-valley: „According to its bouquet, it is very similar to wines from Nagy-Hont, which are paid for at a good price by the towns of mining region”. Vályi, András: About wines from Szuha-valley: „According to its bouquet, it is very similar to wines from Nagy-Hont, which are paid for at a good price by the towns of mining region”. Borovszky, Samu in his monograph of Gömör-Kis-Hont county: Borovszky, Samu in his monograph of Gömör-Kis-Hont county: Significant grape producing area in the Balogvár-estate of prince Coburg Philippe Significant grape producing area in the Balogvár-estate of prince Coburg Philippe Produced grape varieties: kadarka, fekete gohér, gyöngy gohér hársrslevelű Produced grape varieties: kadarka, fekete gohér, gyöngy gohér hársrslevelű Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley – Reminiscences of the past No. 2.

10. 19th century : 19th century : A lot of cold and devastating rain made huge losses in wine- yards in Gömör Region. A lot of cold and devastating rain made huge losses in wine- yards in Gömör Region. In many cases, extinct wine-yards have not planted again. In many cases, extinct wine-yards have not planted again. In Borovszky’s monograph is written: „In villages of southern Rima-valley, as well as in Gortva- and Szuha- valleys as far as the border of Nógrád county cultivation of apple and plum and especially on the site of old grape gardens production of cherry are carried on in large measure”. In Borovszky’s monograph is written: „In villages of southern Rima-valley, as well as in Gortva- and Szuha- valleys as far as the border of Nógrád county cultivation of apple and plum and especially on the site of old grape gardens production of cherry are carried on in large measure”. The gratest calamity here also was the Phylloxera invasion The gratest calamity here also was the Phylloxera invasion Borovszky: „ However, in Gömör county, Phylloxera totally damaged grape-yards, recently a lot of very beautiful plantings can be seen on the hills of Ajnácskő, Serke and Putnok” - … Borovszky: „ However, in Gömör county, Phylloxera totally damaged grape-yards, recently a lot of very beautiful plantings can be seen on the hills of Ajnácskő, Serke and Putnok” - … Serédy counts: assortment and graft store in Putnok Serédy counts: assortment and graft store in Putnok Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley – Reminiscences of the past No. 3.

11. Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley – Reminiscences of the past 4. From Putnok to Miskolc Sajószentpéter Land property of János Hunyadi with significant grape plantings and then cellars Land property of János Hunyadi with significant grape plantings and then cellars Significant transfer of wine-exports Significant transfer of wine-exports Significant wine-market Significant wine-market Taverns in the ownership of the Jews Taverns in the ownership of the JewsSzirmabesenyő From the 16th century, winery-estates possessed by Rákóczi- family; large cellars of Prince Gy. Rákóczi From the 16th century, winery-estates possessed by Rákóczi- family; large cellars of Prince Gy. Rákóczi Market of the town Miskolc was significant buying up place of fruits, grapes and wines Market of the town Miskolc was significant buying up place of fruits, grapes and wines Exports Exports After Phylloxera invasion: After Phylloxera invasion: Plantation of „direct-producing” grapes – weak wine quality Plantation of „direct-producing” grapes – weak wine quality

12. Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley– legendary memories King Matthias in Gömör King Matthias in Gömör

13. Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley– indications of wine-culture Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley– indications of wine-culture Arms of settlements in the valley

14. Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley– Régi pincék nyomában Felsőnyárád- field Cellars from the 1700’s Felsőnyárád- field Cellars from the 1700’s

15. Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley– recent cellars

16. Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley– Foregoing experiences 1. Along the upper reach of the river: Along the upper reach of the river: Dr. F. Tóth wine-grower – Rimaszombat-Vály (Slovakia): almost irreversible effect of socialist agriculture Dr. F. Tóth wine-grower – Rimaszombat-Vály (Slovakia): almost irreversible effect of socialist agriculture Recently, some expansion of grape-yard in Vály-vally can be seen; there is a lot of work to do Recently, some expansion of grape-yard in Vály-vally can be seen; there is a lot of work to do Fields in Hungary: Fields in Hungary: General opinion: „It is not worth the trouble” – this opinion is in proportion to the number of Gipsy people General opinion: „It is not worth the trouble” – this opinion is in proportion to the number of Gipsy people Stagnation – slow destruction, slow development (Sajószentpéter, Szirmabesenyő, Sajóecseg) Stagnation – slow destruction, slow development (Sajószentpéter, Szirmabesenyő, Sajóecseg) Weak revival : Pitypalatty-valley, Alacska Weak revival : Pitypalatty-valley, Alacska Events, festivals – wine competition on communal levels Events, festivals – wine competition on communal levels Flowering wine-yards – good wines: Edelény / Császta-hill Flowering wine-yards – good wines: Edelény / Császta-hill Wine-competitions on wine-growing region level Wine-competitions on wine-growing region level Experimentation – replantation of old Hungarian varieties Experimentation – replantation of old Hungarian varieties

17. Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley– Possible reasons of the present (statuses) states Historical reasons Historical reasons Phylloxera-plague – unsuitable replantation Phylloxera-plague – unsuitable replantation War damages War damages Special damages of socialism Special damages of socialism Aggressive organisation of agricultural co-operatives together with its all burden Aggressive organisation of agricultural co-operatives together with its all burden Heavy-industrial facilities in the valley – settling of foreigners with identity unfamiliar with grape growing Heavy-industrial facilities in the valley – settling of foreigners with identity unfamiliar with grape growing Economical reasons Economical reasons Level of the present economy – disinterest Level of the present economy – disinterest Social reasons Social reasons Structure of population Structure of population Lack of leading personality Lack of leading personality

18. Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley Is there any way out? Edelény – Császta-hill Edelény – Császta-hill Wine-yard community formed ten years ago. Wine-yard community formed ten years ago. With social voluntary collaboration: With social voluntary collaboration: (Introduced power – work became easier (Introduced power – work became easier Bell-town was renovated from donations of private individuals – storm warning Bell-town was renovated from donations of private individuals – storm warning Construction of the Painful Way together with the Golgotha – common place Construction of the Painful Way together with the Golgotha – common place patronal festival, celebrations, wine consecrations patronal festival, celebrations, wine consecrations Young people came to the hill, they are interested in wine growing Young people came to the hill, they are interested in wine growing Personal and common achievements Personal and common achievements Stipulation: leading personality Stipulation: leading personality

19. Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley– Is there any way out? E.g. wine celebrations and competitions Wine celebration in Sajóbábony Open air wine celebration in Parasznya Wine competition In Edelény

20. Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley - Is there any way out? - Order of Wine-knights: help to change mentality Pinot-noir evening, 2012 – Berlioz’s music Pinot-noir evening, 2012 – Berlioz’s music.

21. Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley - Is there any way out? - Order of Wine-knights: help to change mentality

22. Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley Is there any way out? - Order of Wine-knights: help to change mentality Cross dedication at the remains of Monastery of Ordo Sancti Paulis Kurityán, 2012.

23. Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley - Is there any way out? - Order of Wine-knights: help to change mentality Wine-road in the South-Land at Mr. O. Maurer at Mr. O. Maurer2013.

24. Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley - Is there any way out? - Order of Wine-knights: help to change mentality Wine-road in Transylvania, ‘13

25. Relics of wine-culture in Sajó-valley - Is there any way out? - Order of Wine-knights: helps to change mentality Wine dedication – 2013. John’s name-day

26. Many thanks for Sajó-valley’s attention