2. Wine filtration with Cellulose

3. Wine and sparkling wine filtration Cellulose can be used without problems on all conventional filter systems. Good to know that for filter plants – feeders – dosing pumps no technical changes are needed!

4. Wine filtration with cellulose?! So far, in wine-making cellulose was only known as...  pressing aid (for lees, deposits from must racking, deacidification deposits)   additive for kieselguhrs and perlites Meanwhile, with the „CelluFluxx“ powder celluloses, Erbslöh has developed a new product line to replace kieselguhrs and perlites efficiently and and at the same time cost-saving!

5.  High consumption  High consumption (thus high wine loss)  Risk to health  Risk to health (calcined and flux-calcined kieselguhrs are classified „carcinogenic“ by IARC / WHO)  Disposal  Disposal (costly, since partly hazardous waste, high ash content, increased waste volume)  Abrasivity  Abrasivity (damage of pumps, filter tissues, etc.)  Maximum particle size  Maximum particle size is limited  soluble ions  Content of soluble ions Kieselguhrs and perlites / disadvantages

6. Cellulose / advantages   low weight reduced consumption   low consumption less wine loss and waste   soft fibres plants/equipment do not wear out   no crystalline components not carcinogenic   purely vegetable valuable humus, soil improvement... In comparison, offers the following technical and commercial advantages:

7. Kieselguhr vs. cellulose  Kieselguhr:  high specific weight  close-grained, compact filter cake  high consumption!  Cellulose:  light material  porous, open filter cake  very economical consumption! (up to 70 % cost reduction)

8. Wine and sparkling wine filtration Cellulose fibres are not abrasive, best preventing your valuable equipment/plants against wearing out cellulose soft, therefore keeping in good order pumps and plants kieselguhrs or perlites hard and sharp-edged, high abrasive wear

9. Status and results Leading European wineries and sparkling wine producers have already switched their kieselguhr filtration 100 % to cellulose results  on average 70 % reduction of dosage amounts! (... that means less waste and less wine loss)  reduced colour loss with cellulose and  more pleasant aroma profile of the cellulose filtered wine  no crystalline components, improved job safety

10. Cellulose for wine filtration Different fineness for different requirements:  CelluFluxx F 25 for wine filtration  CelluFluxx F 75 (or CelluFluxx P 50) for the filtration of lees  CelluFluxx P 50 specially for vacuum drum filters  CelluFluxx P 30 or CelluFluxx P 50 as additive for fine CelluFluxx F 25 cellulose, kieselguhrs or perlites  CelluFluxx 1500 long fibres as pressing aid

11. CelluFluxx types / properties extra coarse mediumextra fine ultra fine Grain size CelluFluxx P 50 CelluFluxx P 30 CelluFluxx F 75 CelluFluxx F 45 CelluFluxx F 25 Permeability Sharpness of clarification/separation effect CelluFluxx F 45 for wine filtration CelluFluxx P 50 for filtration of lees on vacuum drum filters CelluFluxx P 30 as additive for kieselguhrs, perlites and fine CelluFluxx F 45 types

12. CelluFluxx P 50 Vacuum drum filters are frequently used for the filtration of lees CelluFluxx P 50 was specially developed and optimised for use on vacuum drum filters  either to entirely replace kieselguhrs or perlites  or as additive for kieselguhrs or perlites for increased throughput and filter cake stabilisation cellulose as additive – dosage recommendation 400–500 g/m² CelluFluxx P 50 as thin backing layer for kieselguhrs or perlites resp. as 10–30 % (w/w) admixture Vacuum drum filters / CelluFluxx P 50

13. Württemberg Spätburgunder (Pinot Noir) Case example / Württemberg Spätburgunder (Pinot Noir) KieselguhrCellulose 50 kg coarse kieselguhr50 kg CelluFluxx1.25 kg/m² 400 kg fine kieselguhr150 kg CelluFluxx (5 x 80 kg)(5 x 35 kg) 450 kg200 kg 330,000 L420,000 L 1.36 g 0.48 g kieselguhr per L wineCelluFluxx per L wine 10 h12 h4 bar First precoating Continuous dosing (total) Consumption Filtered wine Specific consumption Filter operating cycle Maximum pressure

14. Consumption and wine loss Kieselgur Cellulose   1 kg filter aid absorbs approx. 1–2 L wine (study by State Education & Research Center of Viticulture & Horticulture Neustadt, Germany) the filtration of 100,000 L Pinot Noir requires:  approx. 136 kg kieselguhr... consequently a wine loss of 136–272 L  or approx. 48 kg cellulose... consequently a wine loss of merely 48–94 L CelluFluxx not only saves cash money (reduced consumption), but secures higher profits (increased wine yield)!

15. Economic efficiency / filtration costs Example

16. Economic efficiency / filtration costs Would you like to know your additional profit?! Plus all the other technological advantages!

17. Waste disposal advantages Resulting filter cake from 100,000 L Pinot Noir treatment:  136 kg kieselguhr could easily lead to a 4-fold amount of filter cake i.e. 544 kg filter sludge (25 % dry matter)  48 kg cellulose produce merely 192 kg waste (25 % dry matter) Important: cellulose is purely vegetable thus completely biodegradable (valuable humus, material for soil improvement)

18. Comparison: „usual kieselguhr consumption“ according to winery:  for cuvée filtration approx. 0.30–0.50 g/L  for sparkling wine filtration approx. 0.50 – 0.80 g/L (up to 1.20 g/L) cuvée and sparkling wine filtration Case study – cuvée and sparkling wine filtration Filtered amount cuvée wine600,000 L Filtered amount sparkling wine103,000 L Total amount703,000 L Employed filter cellulose95 kg Specific consumption0.135 g/L Filter operating cycle (pass- through period) 11 ¾ hours

19.  Filtered wine: Württemberg Schwarzriesling (Pinot Meunier)  Second filtration prior to bottling Costs of the following filtration steps Precoating48 kg coarse kieselguhr 10 kg CelluFluxx P 50 10 kg CelluFluxx P 30 20 kg CelluFluxx F 75 20 kg CelluFluxx F 45 Continuous dosage total480 kg kieselguhr220 kg CelluFluxx F 25 40 kg CelluFluxx F 45 Filter aid consumption total538 kg310 kg CelluFluxx Filtered wine260,000 L446,300 L Specific filter aid consumption g/L1.88 g/L0.69 g/L Filter operating cycle (pass-through period)10 h13 h Consumption of sheets (HS 400 sheets / 100,000 L wine) 26.327.7

20. Net filter aid costs – unconsidered:  Longer operating cycles, higher throughput = less working time / less set-up time  Reduced waste disposal costs = reduced filter aid consumption and smaller waste volume  Careful treatment/protection of plants = less wear out, no expensive exhausting devices necessary Careful treatment/protection of plants = less wear out, no expensive exhausting devices necessary  Reduced wine loss = higher profits Reduced wine loss = higher profits Filter aid costs / profitability Precoating28 kg coarse kieselguhr 10 kg CelluFluxx P 50 10 kg CelluFluxx P 30 60 kg CelluFluxx F 45 Continuous dosing total390 kg kieselguhr100 kg CelluFluxx F 45 Filter aid consumption total428 kg250 kg Filtered wine330,000 L420,000 L Specific filter aid consumption g/100 L1.297 g/L0.595 g/L Filter operating cycle (pass-through period)9 ½ h12 h Specific filter aid price8.7 ct / 100 L8.8 ct / 100 L

21. Cellulose and wine quality Colour loss by precoat filtration (Trollinger, Vernatsch) 0,0% 5,0% 10,0% 15,0% 20,0% 25,0% cellulose filtration kieselguhr filtration

22. Cellulose and wine quality Cellulose filtered red wine tastes significantly better! Tasting by the cellar master taste panel of the LVWO (State Education & Research Center/wine/fruit-growing) Weinsberg, May 21st 2003 in Weinsberg (preparation and evaluation: Dr. Schmidt and staff) fruit clean aromas body bitterness 5 point quality characteristic of the German Food Association filtration with kieselguhr filtration with cellulose

23. Cellulose and wine quality Prof. Thilo Hühn, Hochschule (technical college) Wädenswil (CH) evaluates the impact of the filtration on flavour relevant components in wine.  Result:  Cellulose removes considerably less aroma substances from the wine. „On the basis of the conducted trials, an impact of the filter aids on the decisive, value- giving ingredients is ascertainable.... Aroma analysis yields plain results. For most of the tested aroma substances, the wines filtered with kieselguhr present lower contents. Except for sulphur-containing substances, these low aroma concentrations can be evaluated in a negative way (tendency).“

24. Cellulose and wine quality Prof. Thilo Hühn, Hochschule (technical college) Wädenswil (CH) evaluates the impact of filtration on flavour relevant components in wine Example

25. Wine filtration: practical application/experience On principle we recommend to build up a backing layer of approx. 400 g/m² CelluFluxx P 30 to start with Precoating Continuous dosage Coarse filtration: 500-600 g/m 2 CelluFluxx F 450.2-0.5 g/L CelluFluxx F 45 (after the 1. racking) „Coarse filtration“: 800-1,000 g/m 2 CelluFluxx F 450.1-0.3 g/L CelluFluxx F 45 (prior to sheet filter) Fine filtration: 800-1,000 g/m 2 CelluFluxx F 250.1-0.5 g/L CelluFluxx F 25 (high requirements)(single case: 1.200 g/m 2 )

26. Sparkling wine filtration: practical application/experience On principle we recommend to build up a backing layer of approx. 400 g/m² CelluFluxx P 30 to start with Precoating Continuous dosage Filtration of base wines:500-800 g/m 2 CelluFluxx F 750.05-0.15 g/L CelluFluxx F 75 Sparkling wine filtration:800-1,000 g/m 2 CelluFluxx F 750.15-0.40 g/L CelluFluxx F 75 High requirements: 800-1,200 g/m 2 CelluFluxx F 45 0.10-0.50 g/L CelluFluxx F 45

27. Wine filtration: first production trials On principle we recommend to build up a backing layer of approx. 400 g/m² CelluFluxx P 30 to start with Aim: first, the adequate CelluFluxx type has to be found! therefore, at first, the original „kieselguhr“ dosage with CelluFluxx in precoating is kept. How to proceedtherefore, at first, the original „kieselguhr“ dosage ?!with CelluFluxx in precoating is kept. Continuous dosing according to requirement Clarification sharpness ok, if yes, gradual reduction of CelluFluxx dosage during pressure rise first precoating (minus 10%,...) in subsequent trials. moderate?! if no, change to another CelluFluxx type. after optimisation, generally dosage savings of 50–70 % can be achieved with cellulose!

28. Lees filtration: practical application/experience 3 cellulose types are applied on filter presses: CelluFluxx P 50, CelluFluxx F 75 (resp. CelluFluxx P 30) Precoating Continuous dosage Type „Standard“ ~0.8 kg/m 2 1(-3) kg / 100 L CelluFluxx P 50 requirements: „High“ ~0.8 kg/m 2 1(-3) kg / 100 L CelluFluxx F 75 requirements: „Compromise“: ~0.8 kg/m 2 1(-3) kg / 100 L CelluFluxx P 30 for lees filtration on vacuum drum filters exclusively CelluFluxx P 50 is suitable

29. Comparison of different kieselguhr-cellulose types: CelluFluxx F 25 CelluFluxx F 45 CelluFluxx F 75 CelluFluxx P 30 CelluFluxx P 50 CELITE Filtercel, Standard, 512 Hyflo, 503 535 545 560 KENITE 100, 101, 200, 300 700 900 1000 2500 3000 5500 EAGLE PICHER FP 2, FP 4, FW 6 FW 12 FW 14 FW 20 FW 50 FW 60 CECA CBL, CBR, DIF-PA, DCB-R DIF-BO DIC-B DIC DIT-3 DIT-R DIT-2R DICALITE Speedflow Speedplus Speedex BEGEROW 200, 700 1500 3500 4500 SEITZ Extra fine, Extra, Media Super Spezial Ultra