1. Matter & Energy

2. 1.1 Matter has Mass and Volume

3. Matter What do you know about matter?
What do you want to know about matter?

4. All objects are made of matter
Matter is what makes up all of the objects and living organisms in the universe.
By definition, matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Matter is made up of small particles called atoms.
Not everything is matter. Light & sound are not matter.

5. Matter
Definition
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Characteristics

6. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter
A metal spoon has more matter than a plastic spoon. Therefore, a metal spoon has a greater mass than a plastic spoon.
Standard unit of mass is the Kilogram (kg).
Comparing the masses of two objects: pan balance and beam balance. (Bowling ball & basketball)
Weight & mass are not the same.
Mass describes the amount of matter an object has, while weight describes how strongly gravity is pulling on that matter.

7. Mass
Definition
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Characteristics

8. Weight
Definition
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9. Comparing Weights

10. Volume is a measure of the space matter occupies
Matter takes up space.
Volume is the amount of space that matter in an object occupies.
A basketball and a bowling ball have about the same volume but not the same mass.

11. volume = length x width x height
Measuring Volume
For objects with well-defined shapes, use the formula:
volume = length x width x height
For objects without a well-defined shape, such as a rock or water, we use displacement.

12. Volume
Definition
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Characteristics

13. Displacement
Add water to a graduated cylinder. Note the volume of the water by reading the water level on the cylinder.
Submerge the irregular object in the water. Because the object and the water cannot share the same space, the water is displaced, or moved upward. Note the new volume of the water with the object in it.
Subtract the volume of the water before you added the object from the volume of the water and the object together. The result is the volume of the object. The object displaces a volume of water equal to the volume of the object.
If the difference is 5 mL, then the volume of the object is 5 cm3.

14. Measuring Volume Item Original Water Level (mL)
Resulting Water Level (mL)
Volume (cm3)
Rock
Eraser
5 Pennies

15. 1.2 Matter is Made of Atoms

16. Atoms are extremely small
An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter.
The idea that all matter consists of extremely small parts dates back to the 5th century BC!!!!
There are over 100 different types of atoms.
What are some examples of atoms?
One teaspoon of water has…
500,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms
That’s five quintillion!!!!!!!!!

17. Atom
Definition
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18. Molecules
When two or more atoms bond together, or combine, they make a particle called a molecule.
Water is a combination of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. (Dihydrogen Oxide ) Therefore, it is a molecule.
A molecule is the smallest amount of a substance made of combined atoms that is considered to be that substance. HUHH?
If you break down water to its smallest part, you would have ONE molecule of water (2 hydrogens & 1 oxygen). If you broke down the molecule, then you would no longer have water. You would have hydrogen and oxygen.

19. Molecules can have different numbers of atoms.
An oxygen gas molecule is 2 oxygen atoms bonded together. However, an ozone molecule is 3 oxygen atoms bonded together.
The extra oxygen atom gives ozone properties that oxygen gas does not.

20. Atoms & molecules are always in motion.
Dust particles in a beam of sunlight. Do they go to the ground or just float around?
Because air molecules are moving in different directions, when they collide with the dust particles, it sends the dust into different directions.
When you drop food coloring into water, the movement of the molecules eventually causes the food coloring to spread throughout the water.
The atoms & molecules in solids cannot move about as freely in solid objects such as a table. However, they are still twisting or spinning, just not moving.

21. Molecule
Definition
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Characteristics