1. Volvo Car Corporation Effectiveness of Belt-Positioning Booster Seats Based on Volvo’s Swedish Accident Database Johnny Korner Volvo Car Corporation

2. Volvo Accident Research Established in 1970 Basis for:  Safety Development  Amendments  Test Methods  Requirements  Priorities  Effectiveness

3. Volvo Car Corporation Volvo Accident Data Base Volvo cars only, mostly in Sweden Volvo cars only, mostly in Sweden 1976 - 2000 1976 - 2000  28 000 crashes  48 000 occupants 200 variables: 200 variables:  Crash circumst.  Car performance  Occupants  Medical records

4. Volvo Car Corporation Child Accident Subset 878 in Booster Seat 4448 children, 0 - 15 years 4448 children, 0 - 15 years 48% girls, 52% boys 48% girls, 52% boys 74% rear, 26% front 74% rear, 26% front 2211 in Adult Belt Only 78% restrained 78% restrained

5. Volvo Car Corporation Booster Seat Evolution

6. Volvo Car Corporation Integrated Booster Seats

7. Volvo Car Corporation Child Restraint Use in Volvo Cars in Sweden 1976-2000

8. Volvo Car Corporation Injury Frequency MAIS 2+ Volvo Cars in Sweden 1980-2000

9. Volvo Car Corporation Injury Frequency MAIS 2+ by CRS

10. Volvo Car Corporation Effectiveness MAIS 2+ by CRS E = 60% E = 78% E = 89%

11. Volvo Car Corporation Effectiveness MAIS 2+ Booster vs Belt Only E = 45%

12. Volvo Car Corporation Child Restraint Use in Sweden 1990-2000 Effectiveness AIS 2+ vs BeltEffectiveness AIS 2+ vs Booster 72% 49% 45%

13. Volvo Car Corporation Injury Risk by Body Region and CRS AIS 2+

14. Volvo Car Corporation CrashType Distribution (MAIS 2+) (122 Children, Belt Only & Booster)

15. Volvo Car Corporation Injury Risk by Crash Type & CRS Head AIS 2+

16. Volvo Car Corporation Injury Risk by Crash Type & CRS Abdomen AIS 2+

17. Volvo Car Corporation Injury Risk at Change to Next CRS (Youngest Recommended Age)

18. Volvo Car Corporation Conclusions Belt-Positioning Booster Seats Effectiveness AIS 2+ Effectiveness AIS 2+  vs Unrestrained: 78%  vs Belt Only: 45% Due to Better Belt Positioning, Boosters Reduce: Due to Better Belt Positioning, Boosters Reduce:  Abdominal Injuries in Frontal Impacts, Multiple Events  Head Injuries in Rollovers, Multiple Events  Clavicle fractures in Frontal Impacts, Multiple Events Many Children Don’t Use the Optimal CRS for Their Age Many Children Don’t Use the Optimal CRS for Their Age Injury Risk Higher at Youngest Age Recommended for the CRS Injury Risk Higher at Youngest Age Recommended for the CRS Booster Seats Adaptable to Size of Child Desirable

19. Volvo Car Corporation Adaptable Belt-Positioning Booster Seat Volvo Safety Concept Car