1. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos Developing Research in Dental Education Nikos Mattheos Centre for Educational Research and Technology in Oral Health Malmö University

2. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos Developing Research in Dental Education Dentistry Education Research

3. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos Research is about decision making

4. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos Research is the critical factor to point the direction Research is the critical factor to point the direction learning assessment assessment administration administration planning teaching

5. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos The role of universities in the Europe of knowledge: source: http://europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/cha/c11067.htm - Emergence of new expectations: ”. “Universities must cater for new needs in education and training which stem from the knowledge based economy and society”. - Reorganisation of knowledge: “move beyond traditional teaching strategies and educational systems”

6. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos Well informed decisions Evidence Based Dentistry

7. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos “ doceo - docui – doctum” to instruct, to teach teacherdoctor

8. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos Educational Research: - Not enough data? - Not enough data? - Not valid enough ? - Not valid enough ? Attitudes - Not enough emphasis on education? - Learning is …different ?

9. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos - Eur J Dent Educ - J Dent Educ - Med Educ - Acad Med - Med Teach - Teach Learn Med -...... - IADR, Educational Division - FDI, Educators programme - ADEE - Dented, Dented Evolves Educational Research: Not enough data? Journals Fora

10. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos ” [...] Much of the educational research does not make a serious contribution to fundamental theory or knowledge, is irrelevant to practice, is uncoordinated with any preceding and follow up researh” [...] Lines of research are abandoned when there is a change in fashion rather than because problems have been solved”. source: Teaching as a Research Based Profession, Hargreaves D., (lecture at TTA) UK, 1996 Educational Research: Not good enough ? Prof. D. Hargreaves, 1996:

11. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos Educational Research: Not good enough ? ” [...] Finally, there were no examples of replication of research found. There were only rare examples of critical challenges to earlier work. The picture emerged of researchers doing their research largely in a vacuum, unnoticed and unheeded [...]”. ”[...] The problem is not the quality of educational research, but its isolation”. source: Educational Research, a critique. Tooley J, Darby D. OFSTED 1998, UK. Tooley and Darby, 1998:

12. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos source: Teaching as a Research Based Profession, Hargreaves D., (lecture at TTA) UK, 1996 - - less cummulative, less coordinated - carried out by non-practicioners - - affected by ”fashions” - - contributes little to practice Educational Research: Not good enough ?

13. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos Research on Dental Education: - weaker meta-research - lower interrelation - fewer collaboration - ”uncalibrated” efforts - Educational Research: Not good enough ? - pragmatic, practice relevant - carried out by practicioners+

14. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos meta-research: - systematic reviews - - research evaluation consortia - - best practices - guidelines Educational Research: Not good enough ?

15. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos Educational Research: Not good enough ? meta-research difficulties: - - low interrelation makes it difficult to draw valid conclusions - -much of the meta-research is conducted by individual, appointed researchers. ”Not Invented Here” syndrome.

16. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos

17. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos

18. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos Educational Research: Learning is …different ? …science of healing …art of teaching well studied doctor charismatic teacher

19. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos Learning is also a biological process !!! Educational Research: Learning is …different ?

20. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos ” There is a reason for everything”. Chris Levi, Caribbean poet...”If you can’t find a reason for something, there is a reason for that”.

21. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos Learning - Inflammation - resources - callibration - collaboration - organisation of knowledge Learning as a biological process

22. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos Human genome project: identifying 30.000 genes in human DNA - 1990 - 2005 - - many international multidisciplinary centres - - thousands involved - goal oriented callibration - loose coordination

23. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos “We know much more on how to improve diapers, than how to improve the use of our brain”. Marc Prensky, American researcher

24. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos - active collaboration - greater interrelation - emphasis on meta research - wider dissemination Developing Strategies in Dental Education Keywords:

25. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos - scholarship of discovery - scholarship of integration - scholarship of application - scholarship of teaching ” [...] What we urgently need today is a more inclusive view of what it means to be a scholar – a recognition that knowledge is aquired through research, synthesis, practice and teaching”. Ernest Boyer, 1997: source: source: Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate. EL Boyer. Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement for Teaching, 1997. Developing Strategies in Dental Education

26. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos Larger emphasis in the scholarship of teaching - - pedagogic merit for academic development - - comprehension of educational research as part of any academic degree - - wider dissemination and use of educational research within academics

27. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos from research project to research environment to research environment move

28. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos research project group: research project group: - incidental character - often based on personal enthusiasm - - involvement lives as long as the project - - gained precious experience is lost

29. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos research environment: - standing, long term structures - - different roles and different levels of involvement - - access to different expertise - - strategic planning, executing research - - interpretation of results into practice within the environment, consultation

30. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos …Virtual research environment MEDCALMalmö Lund Notre Dame Härnosand Milano Bern - - PhD students - - supervisors - - researchers - - expertise: education behavioural science IT & programming - - 2 MSc Thesis - - 2 dissertations - - 20 publications - - 4 major funded projects Copenhagen

31. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos C E X !

32. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos Centre of Excellence: Institution or network which can document within a specific field : - - extraordinary competence - - long term engagement - - potential significant contribution towards future developments

33. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos Centres of Excellence: Increasing Universities’ excellence in research and teaching: in order to concertrate funding on them ”This communication calls on European universities to identify the areas in which different universities have attained, or can reasonably be expected to attain, the excellence judged to be essential at European or International level, in order to concertrate funding on them to support academic research”. source: http://europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/cha/c11067.htm

34. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos Centres for Excellence in teaching and learning: - invitation to bid for funds. January 2004 - 315 million £ for 5 years - approximattely 70 Cex - collaborative Cex encouraged source: http://hefce.ac.uk Higher Education Funding Council for England

35. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos The research Network

36. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos The Consortium - strategic planning - meta research – dissemination - guidelines - best practices

37. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos tentative academic staff research environment research network consortium - - good comprehension of educational researh - - some participation in relevant projects - - planning collaborations - - project coordination - - sharing expertise - - planning and execution of original researh projects -training of researchers - -interpretation of research results to the local needs, consultation - - strategic planning - - prioritising areas of interest - - meta research - - guidelines, best practices

38. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos teacher learner assessment ? ?

39. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos Research in Dental Education is …

40. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos … a necessity Halton Getty, 1960

41. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos …of large potential

42. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos …Credible

43. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos …absolutely compatible with clinical dentistry with clinical dentistry

44. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos …Exciting...a few cm...a few cm north of the mouth! north of the mouth!

45. September 2004ADEE Cardiff Nikos Mattheos nikolaos.mattheos@od.mah.se