1. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore A Platform for Sharing the Common Understanding among Participants of a National Project Shigeyuki Sekine*, Satoshi Yamashita, Shin Hashimoto, Hiroyuki Yamada, Yoshikazu Goto, NEDO Institute of Technology Innovation * present affiliation: AIST Kenichi Sonoo and Yasuo Kimura Nomura Research Institute nedo-ti@nedo.go.jp

2. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 2 Today’s Presentation 1. Subject of the Study 3. "Platform" 4. Classification of National Project 5. Variation of the Platform 2. Scope of the Present Research 6. How to use the Platform 7. Conclusion

3. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 3 Subject For planning, management and evaluation of national R&D projects, it is important to share common understanding of policy objective, project goal and other related information among project participants. A platform concept for sharing information is proposed for ease of consensus. When the project planning and the formation of research association are performed with reference to the platform concept, the efficiency of planning and the quality of the plan should be improved.

4. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 4 Scope of the Model cf. economic technical policy cf. industrial technical strategy IT, Bio, etc. PROJECT PLANNING producing a set of R&D projects cf. nation's existence national mission policy strategy execution plan project selection project implementation PROJECT MANAGEMENT with reference to the platform information scope of the model

5. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 5 "Platform"

6. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 6 Introduction of the Platform #1 graphical structure of the platform Project planning process is divided into five steps. STEP 1 STEP 2B STEP 2A STEP 3STEP 4STEP 5 input output

7. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 7 Introduction of the Platform #2 Input and Output of the Model Research and development domain taking into account the superordinate policy and strategy input Candidate projects with added assessment data (criteria) to permit a judgment (ex ante evaluation) output

8. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 8 Introduction of the Platform #3 STEP 1: Recognition of objectives of superordinate policies STEP 2A: Analysis of external environment STEP 2B: Analysis of internal potential STEP 3: Matching of technologies with policy issues STEP 4: Enumeration of candidate projects STEP 5: Candidate projects with added assessment data (criteria) to permit a judgment (ex ante evaluation) STEP 1 STEP 2B STEP 2A STEP 3STEP 4STEP 5

9. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 9 STEP 1: Recognition of objectives of superordinate policies Projects are developed and proposed essentially on the basis of the superordinate policies. The fundamental conditions are not always expressed with the appropriate clarity. The project (program) planners must clarify the objectives of the superordinate policies. 1 2B 2A 345

10. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 10 STEP 2: Analysis of external environment and internal potential The analysis of the general environment can be divided into “analysis of the external environment which is difficult to control” such as market scale and growth, consumer's mind, overseas policies, etc. and “analysis of the internal potential which can be control” such as available resources (including facilities, researchers, and financial resources), technical competitiveness, the potential of technical seeds, etc. 1 2B 2A 345

11. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 11 STEP 3: Matching of technologies with policy issues In this step, the matching between environmental factors and the policy issues is considered, and then the technical issues are extracted. In other words, we take the policy issues that have to be addressed, such as social needs, risks to be avoided, markets, etc., and match them with the technologies that can resolve these issues. 1 2B 2A 345

12. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 12 STEP 4: Enumeration of candidate projects With reference to the technical issues that have been extracted, the candidate projects are enumerated after carefully considering the policy issues and the external and internal environment once more. 1 2B 2A 345

13. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 13 STEP 5: Candidate projects with added assessment data (criteria) to permit a judgment For all enumerated candidate projects, evaluation and/or assessment are carried out on its particular merits and demerits. After the evaluation, "Candidate projects with added assessment data (criteria) to permit a judgment” are proposed as an output of planning process. ex ante evaluation 1 2B 2A 345

14. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 14 STEP 5: Candidate projects with added assessment data (criteria) to permit a judgment Each project is quantitatively assessed on the basis of the evaluation criteria that are the measure for the final judgment. Examples of criteria are e.g. “validity as a national project,” "impact to market" and “technical validity.” These evaluations of individual project are then summarized to compare the various projects. The result (output) should be condensed in the form of tables and/or figures. This makes it possible to clarify the assessment basis or criteria for the subsequent decision-making process. (continued) 1 2B 2A 345

15. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 15 Standard "Platform" recognition of policy internal potential external environment matching project list ex ante evaluation input output

16. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 16 Classification of National Project

17. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 17 - National Priority Issues - Technical Innovation Policies - Economic-Industrial Policies Project category: Type of policy

18. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 18 This type of R&D is not based on cost/benefit considerations but on sheer necessity. The products themselves are important, and the promotion of industry is not objective. The security type is not only the national security but also the project related to national safety and stability in a broad sense. The projects for energy development and countermeasures against environmental problems, for example, can be classified in this type. The example of projects responding to social needs is the development of the products for welfare requirement. 1. Policies Responding to National Priority Issues

19. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 19 1-1. National survival -----------purpose: Reducing risk -----------example: energy development -----------project type: Security type 1-2. National welfare -----------purpose: Resolving living problems -----------example: welfare service -----------project type: Responding to social needs Subtypes from 1. National Priority Issues

20. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 20 The R&Ds in this category are generally not particular to any specific industries. Rather, the object is to promote industry long-term. It is difficult to quantify the cost/benefit ratio. Two types of project are listed according to the different purpose. Specifically, the researches for discovering new scientific knowledge or creating new materials are regarded as the “creating knowledge” type. The projects for sharing knowledge such as the construction of database and development of simulation software seem to be another type. 2. Technical Innovation Policies

21. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 21 2-1. Creating knowledge -----------purpose: Stimulating innovation -----------project type: Preparing technical seeds 2-2. Sharing knowledge -----------purpose: Strengthening basic technologies -----------example: standard, database, simulation, measurement -----------project type: Basic technology Subtypes from 2. Technical Innovation Policies

22. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 22 The objective of this type of research is to foster specific industries on a short and medium-term basis. In this case, the cost/benefit ratio is seen as important. Mainstream and off-road types are distinguished in accordance with technical difference. 3. Economic Industrial Policies

23. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 23 3-1. International competitiveness -----------purpose: Strengthening through new technology -----------project type: Off-road type 3-2. International competitiveness -----------purpose: Strengthening conventional technology -----------project type: Mainstream type Subtypes from 3. Economic-Industrial Policies

24. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 24 Summary of Subtypes - National Priority Issues ----Security type ----Responding to social needs - Technical Innovation Policies ----Preparing technical seeds ----Basic technology - Economic-Industrial Policies ----Off-road type ----Mainstream type

25. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 25 Variation of the Platform preliminary

26. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 26 Standard "Platform" recognition of policy internal potential external environment matching project list ex ante evaluation input output

27. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 27 for "" for "Security type" recognition of policy internal potential external environment matching project list ex ante evaluation input output example: energy development preliminary: will be modified!

28. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 28 for "" for "Responding to social needs" recognition of policy internal potential external environment matching project list ex ante evaluation input output example: welfare service preliminary: will be modified!

29. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 29 for "" for "Preparing technical seeds" recognition of policy internal potential external environment matching project list ex ante evaluation input output preliminary: will be modified!

30. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 30 for "Basic technology type" recognition of policy internal potential external environment matching project list ex ante evaluation input output example: standard, database, simulation, measurement preliminary: will be modified!

31. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 31 for "" for "Off-road type" recognition of policy internal potential external environment matching project list ex ante evaluation input output new technology development preliminary: will be modified!

32. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 32 for "" for "Mainstream type" recognition of policy internal potential external environment matching project list ex ante evaluation input output strengthening conventional technology preliminary: will be modified!

33. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 33 How to use the Platform

34. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 34 How to use the Platform Planning process Implementation process "Story" To explain necessity of project(s), the platform is useful to develop scenario. "Consensus" All participants of the project (program) should be understand the "story."

35. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 35 How to use the Platform All project participants such as planner, manager, researcher and evaluator should understand policy objective, project goal, execution plan, available resource, schedule, historical change of plan, etc.

36. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 36 How to use the Platform Planners should make a "plan of project(s)" with reference to the platform. Sufficient information must be collected to explain "story." Planning

37. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 37 How to use the Platform Managers and researchers must understand "entire story" of the project and carry out their work with most appropriate way. Implementation

38. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 38 How to use the Platform Evaluators must understand "entire story" of the project, in particular historical change of plan. The quality and quantity of information on the platform are also evaluated. Evaluation

39. International Conference on Project Management Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, Japan July 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore 39 Conclusions 1. Project formation platform was proposed 3. Why the platform is necessary? Clear story of project(s) Consensus among all participants 2. National projects were classified according to their objectives 4. How to use the platform