1. Impact of Sub-Lethal Exposure to Insecticides on Vector Control Lee Cohnstaedt and Sandra Allan USDA-ARS-CMAVE Triservices Meeting Feburary 2010 Lee Cohnstaedt and Sandra Allan USDA-ARS-CMAVE Triservices Meeting Feburary 2010

2. Insecticide contact

3. Pyrethroids

4. If not dead, then what?

5. Mosquito species

6. Behavioral assays Entrance Air+ CO 2 *Capillary release attractant *CO 2 release 50ml/min Attractant *Infrared light was used illuminate nocturnally active mosquitoes. *Treatment level lethal dose 25

7. Flight path analysis Untreated Cx. quinquefasciatus Deltamethrin treated Cx. quinquefasciatus

8. Flight path analysis Untreated An. albimanus Permethrin treated An. albimanus

9. Flight path analysis Treated Ae. aegypti Untreated Ae. aegypti

10. Average flight velocity * *

11. Time in flight * *

12. Heading * *

13. Blood feeding *

14. Implications The sublethal affects of pyrethroids on a mosquito’s ability to detect and locate hosts may increase the efficacy of aerial and residual spraying treatments beyond their immediate killing impact.

15. Personal protective measures Band Sleeve Phlebotomus papatasi

16. TreatmentHandBandSleeve Bite protection Untreated20 (29%)11 (16%)37 (54%)--- Sleeve (permethrin)43 (26%)40 (24%)84 (50%)-28.5% Sleeve (permethrin) + Band (TL-I-73) 129 (27%)86 (18%)269 (56%)16.9% Band (TL-I-73)39 (49%)12 (15%)28 (35%)21.8% Sleeve (permethrin) + Band (UB-21) 27 (40%)12 (18%)28 (41%)94.1% Number of landings per 20 minutes Landing site

17. Band Sleeve

18. Implications Sand flies predominantly land on the sleeve before moving towards the exposed skin; therefore a lethal insecticidal barrier at the uniform-skin interface will reduce disease transmission.

19. Acknowledgments Uli Bernier Matt Aubuchon Adrian Duehl Erin Vrzal Nathan Newlon