1. Cigarette Design: How to Make to a Better Nicotine Delivery Device Murray J. Kaiserman PRESENTED OCTOBER 16, 2013

2. TO BURN OR NOT TO BURN CigarettesRoll-your-owns “Little Cigars” CigarsPipesWaterpipesE-cigarettes Smokeless Tobacco – chewing, spit, spitless NRTs – gum, patch, inhaler CandyWater

3. “The cigarette should be conceived not as a product but as a package. The product is nicotine. The cigarette is but one of many package layers. There is the carton, which contains the pack, which contains the cigarette, which contains the smoke. The smoker must strip off all these package layers to get to that which he seeks…Think of a cigarette pack as a storage container for a day’s supply of nicotine…Think of a cigarette as a dispenser for a dose unit of nicotine…Think of a puff of smoke as the vehicle of nicotine…” William Dunn, Jr., of the Philip Morris Research Center, “Motives and Incentives in Cigarette Smoking,” Bates No. 1003291922/1939

4. MAKING NICOTINE ACCESSIBLE

5. CIGARETTE COMPONENTS FILTER FILTER PLUG CELLULOSE ACETATE CELLULOSE ACETATE/CHARCOAL POROUS PLUG WRAP TIPPING PAPER TOBACCO ROD COLUMN TOBACCO/TOBACCO DERIVED MATERIAL COLUMN PAPER WRAPPER FLAX WOOD CELLULOSE BRAND LOGO PACKAGING SOFT PACK/BOX INNER FOIL LINER OUTER CUPROPHANE/MYLAR WRAPPER GRAPHICS

6. HOW THE COMPONENTS WORK

7. CHOOSING THE RIGHT TOBACCO

8. Canadian vs American Blends Canadian Blends BLEND CONFIGURATION FLUE/FIRE CURED/VIRGINIA (F/C) ADD-ONS EXPANDED TOBACCO (ET) STEMS WATER TREATED STEMS ( WTS) WATER TREATED STEMS ( WTS) SHREDDED DRY STEMS (SDS) SHREDDED DRY STEMS (SDS)RECON PAPER I/II PAPER I/II BAND CAST BAND CAST American Blends BLEND CONFIGURATION BURLEY/AIR CURED FLUE/FIRE CURED/VIRGINIA (F/C) ORIENTAL ADD-ONS EXPANDED TOBACCO (ET) RECLAIM/SHORTS STEMS WATER TREATED STEMS ( WTS) SHREDDED DRY STEMS (SDS) RECON PAPER I/II BAND CAST

9. Flue-Cured Characteristics FLUE CURED/VIRGINIA/BRIGHT LEAF –ONCE GROWN IN VA, NC, SC, CANADA, BRAZIL –TOP THREE COUNTRIES OF PRODUCTION: CHINA, BRAZIL, INDIA –YELLOW-REDDISH-ORANGE IN COLOR –NICOTINE CONTENT 2.5-3 % w/w –HIGH IN REDUCING SUGARS

10. Reconstituted and Expanded Tobacco –RECONSTITUTED BAND CAST –TOBACCO STOCK PULPED WITH ADDITIVES /w HEAT –POURED OUT INTO A “DOCTOR BLADE” –SPREAD ON A MOVING S/S CONVEYOR BELT –HEAT DRIED IN THREE STAGES –CUT INTO IRREGULAR PIECES –EXPANDED TOBACCO (ET) –DRY ICE (CARBON DIOXIDE) EXPANDED TOBACCO (DIET) –AMMONIUM CARBONATE EXPANDED TOBACCO (ACET) STEMSLAMINA

11. THE FILTER – AN INTRODUCTION

12. THE FILTER – A GREAT PERFORMANCE

14. PAPER – READ ALL ABOUT IT

15. PAPER – WORKING FOR YOU?

16. PAPER – WRAPPING

17. PAPER – THE TIPPING POINT

18. THE PHYSICAL CIGARETTE

19. THE FLEXIBLE CIGARETTE

20. THE SENSUAL CIGARETTE

21. ADDITIVES – IMPROVING ON PERFECTION PROCESSING AIDS –ADHESIVES –REINFORCING FIBERS CASING SAUCES –BURLEY SIDE OF THE BLEND ONLY –POROUS LEAF STRUCTURE –HIGH NICOTINE LEAF FLAVORANTS –VOLATILE COMPOUNDS (MENTHOL) – TOP DRESSING APPLIED /w EtOH FOR AROMA COMBUSTION MODIFIERS –K/Na CITRATE

22. ADDITIVES – THERE IS A REASON GLYCEROLPEGCHOCOLATELICORICEDAP AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE AMMONIUM (X) HONEY SIMPLE SUGARS MENTHOL/MINT/CHERRY BURN ACCELERANT/RETARDANT EUGENOL

23. Ammonia

24. WHY AMMONIA ? BLEND NICOTINE RELEASE –ESTABLISH EQUILIBRIUM OF BLEND ALKALOIDS –NICOTINE MIGRATION/SCAVENGING –NICOTINE SALTS DE-PROTONATED TO FREE BASE –SMOKE pH MANIPULATION FREE NICOTINE –THREE IONIC STATES DEPENDANT ON pH –TWO DISTINCT pK a DIPROTONATED (CITRIC/MALIC) MONO-PROTONATED FREE BASE

25. ADDITIVES – MY MISTAKE AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES –PESTICIDES –HERBICIDES –SENESCENCE AGENTS –SUCKERING AGENTS –SOIL FLORA AND SPORES –PHEROMONES –INSECTS, e.g. TOBACCO BEETLE

26. FROM FACTORY TO MOUTH –RE-DRY COMPLETE CUT BLEND (12-14%) –TOBACCO ROD MANUFACTURE –FILTER ROD MANUFACTURE –ASSEMBLE TWO COMPONENTS –PACKAGE (SLIDE AND SHELL, FLIP TOP, SOFT PACK, TIN) –CARTON –OVER WRAPPED/BULK PACKAGING –CONDITIONED STORAGE

27. BUILDING THE BETTER MOUSETRAP CIGARETTE

28. HOW A CIGARETTE WORKS

29. IT BURNS – SORT OF

30. THE RIGHT MIX

31. Relationship Between These Elements Constituents Design characteristics Smoke emissions IngredientsTobacco Smoke Toxicity

32. A QUICK RECAP WE HAVE LEARNED THE FOLLOWING: –HOW TO DESIGN A CIGARETTE –HOW TO MANUFACTURE A CIGARETTE BUT

33. E-CIGARETTES: THE NEW FRONTIER Nicotine inhaler, electronically heated Tobacco free Toxic chemical free? (TSNAs, CO) No second-hand smoke? Less toxic? Reduced risk?

34. THE LAST WORD The only safe cigarette is an unlit cigarette