1. Artificial Intelligence Techniques Internet Applications 2

2. Aims of the session What are Microdata Are they useful? Introduce the concept of Semantic Web semantic web with ‘small s’ Internal research.

3. Microdata A way putting meaning (semantics) within existing web content. HTML5’s Best-Kept Secret http://www.webmonkey.com/2010/09/microdata-html5s-best-kept- secret/ http://www.webmonkey.com/2010/09/microdata-html5s-best-kept- secret/

4. Scott Turner Senior Lecturer University of Northampton Avenue Campus Northampton, Northamptonshire NN2 6JB UK

5. This says the section describes a Person.

6. Scott Turner Each property of Person is itemprop – In this case the name of the person.

7. Avenue Campus Northampton, Northamptonshire NN2 6JB UK

8. Further reading http://support.google.com/webmasters/bin/answer.p y?hl=en&answer=99170&topic=21997&ctx=topic http://support.google.com/webmasters/bin/answer.p y?hl=en&answer=99170&topic=21997&ctx=topic http://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/richsnippe ts http://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/richsnippe ts http://www.barryko.com/seo/html5-microdata- schema-generator/ http://www.barryko.com/seo/html5-microdata- schema-generator/

9. Other approaches

10. Microformats Scott J Turner University of Northampton St Georges Avenue Northampton, Northamptonshire, NN2 6JD U.K +44 1604 893028

11. Examples hCard: for marking up contact information. hCalendar: Marking up event information. XFN: Marking up relationships between people. Hreview: Marking up reviews.

12. Illustrative Example Scott Turner University of Northampton

13. RDFa RDFa, provides a set of XHTML attributes to augment visual data with machine-readable hints

14. <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" Scott Turner Dr Scott Turner a8428e44d03b8fe2bd3f7860d7d64d229ad71169

15. Agents This is has been argued is the real power of the power of semantic web to produce machine-readable Web- content. Programs collating information form diverse sources.

16. Definition “The Semantic Web is a project to create a universal medium for information exchange by putting documents with computer- processable meaning (semantics) on the World Wide Web. Currently under the direction of the Web's creator, Tim Berners- Lee of the World Wide Web Consortium, the Semantic Web extends the Web through the use of standards, markup languages and related processing tools. “ Wikipedia (2006a)computersemantics World Wide WebTim Berners- LeeWorld Wide Web Consortiummarkup languages

17. Image taken from Wikipedia (2006a)

18. Resource Description Framework (RDF) W3C specification orignally for metadata modelling in XML Metadata model based on statements about resources, three parts (triples): Subject:The resource (often in form of URI) Predicate: aspects of the resource and the relationship between the subject and the object. Object:property To read more Wikipedia (2006c)

19. Ontologies 1 Typical kind of ontology for Web applications has a taxonomy and a set of interference rules. Taxonomy defines classes of objects and the relations among them.

20. Ontologies 2 Typical kind of ontology for Web applications has a taxonomy and a set of interference rules. Taxonomy defines classes of objects and the relations among them.

21. OWL (Web Ontology Language) A Markup Language for sharing ontologies on the web. Designed for applications that need machine-readable content not just for humans. Written in XML For more information see Wikipedia (2006b)

22. AI and the semantic web AI aspects (or weak AI (see Wikipedia (2006a)) comes from the machine- readable aspects. Machines ability to perform well defined tasks and well-defined data, for a well- defined problem (Wikipedia 2006a) Is this AI?

23. AI and the semantic web AI aspects (or weak AI (see Wikipedia (2006a)) comes from the machine- readable aspects. Machines ability to perform well defined tasks and well-defined data, for a well- defined problem (Wikipedia 2006a) Is this AI?

24. Internal research An ex-MSc student has recently submitted a paper on something similar. presented at a conference May 2011.

25. Using the link below: http://inspector.sindice.com/ Investigate several sites including the one below: http://www.computing.northampton.ac. uk/~scott/ http://www.computing.northampton.ac. uk/~scott/

26. References and Bibliography Berners-Lee T, Hendler J, Lassila O (2001) The Semantic Web Scientific American pg 35-43 Wikipedia (2006a) Semantic Web [online] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web Accessed on: 11/1/2007 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web Wikipedia (2006b) Web Ontology Language http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Ontology_Languag e Accessed on 11/1/2007 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Ontology_Languag e Accessed on 11/1/2007 Wikipedia (2006c) Resource Description Framework http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_Description_Fr amework Accessed on 11/1/2007 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_Description_Fr ameworkAccessed on 11/1/2007

27. Jones MT (2005) AI Application Programming 2nd Edition, ISBN 1- 58450-421-8 pp 387-438. Segaran (2007) Programming Collective intelligence ISBN 0-596-52932-5 Wikipedia (NA) Software Agents http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_a gent [online] Accessed on 16/03/2007. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_a gent