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JY Tsao ∙ SSL: The III-V Epi Killer App ∙ ICMOVPE 2010 May 24 ∙ SAND2010-4049C ∙ 1/7 Solid-State Lighting: The III-V Epi “Killer App” Jeff Tsao ∙ Physical,

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Presentation on theme: "JY Tsao ∙ SSL: The III-V Epi Killer App ∙ ICMOVPE 2010 May 24 ∙ SAND2010-4049C ∙ 1/7 Solid-State Lighting: The III-V Epi “Killer App” Jeff Tsao ∙ Physical,"— Presentation transcript:

1 JY Tsao ∙ SSL: The III-V Epi Killer App ∙ ICMOVPE 2010 May 24 ∙ SAND2010-4049C ∙ 1/7 Solid-State Lighting: The III-V Epi “Killer App” Jeff Tsao ∙ Physical, Chemical and Nano Sciences Center ∙ Sandia National Laboratories Earth at Night (courtesy of NASA) Center high-mount stop light (CHMSL). http://www.honda- tech.com/showthread.php?t=2413558 HP calculator. http://www.hpmu seum.org/32.jpg Traffic light. http://mksurf8.blogspot.co m/2009/11/relasyon.html Sharp QuadPixel RGBY LED-backlit LCD Display. http://www.macworld.com/article/145541/2010/01 /sharp_quadpixel.html Surefire U2 flashlight. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sur efireU2JPG.jpg NASDAQ’s Giant Video Display in Times Square, New York (Jeff Tsao) Nokia camera phone with LED flash. http://www.itechnews.net/wp- content/uploads/2009/07/Nokia- 3720-Classic-the-most-rugged-mobile- phone.jpg http://tan-moneyonline.com/wp- content/uploads/2008/03/earthatnig ht-asia1.jpg

2 JY Tsao ∙ SSL: The III-V Epi Killer App ∙ ICMOVPE 2010 May 24 ∙ SAND2010-4049C ∙ 2/7 Historical and projected consumption of light 10 -6 10 -4 10 -2 1 10 2 10 4 β·GDP/CoL (Plmh/yr) Φ (Plmh/yr) CN 1993 WRLD-NONGRID 1999 WRLD 2005 UK 1800 UK 1850 UK 1750 UK 1700 UK 1900 UK 1950 UK 2000 AU+NZ 2005 FSU 2000 OECD-EU 2005 JP+KR 2005 CN 2005 CN 2006 US 2001 10 4 1 10 -2 10 -6 10 -4 10 2 WRLD 2030 ~ / CandlesGas Kerosene HID Fluorescent Incandescent SSL 0.0072 ∙= After JY Tsao, HD Saunders, JR Creighton, ME Coltrin, JA Simmons, “SSL: An Energy Economics Perspective,” J Physics D (submitted).

3 JY Tsao ∙ SSL: The III-V Epi Killer App ∙ ICMOVPE 2010 May 24 ∙ SAND2010-4049C ∙ 3/7 Power Light Chip area needed to light the world Input power density Duty cycle Luminous efficacy lm/W Area Luminous efficacy Cost of energy 0.0072 Yield 3/4 Life 25 khr 137 T$/yr Area Area TurnoverMOVPE Reactors ~1.3 km 2 240 football fields 119 $/MWh 300 W/cm 2 1/4 Area of 4” wafer Wa- fers per run 12 Runs per day 3 Uptime 330 days/yr ~ 800 ~0.15 km 2 /yr 28 football fields/yr 1/4 http://tan-moneyonline.com/wp- content/uploads/2008/03/earthatnight- asia1.jpg

4 JY Tsao ∙ SSL: The III-V Epi Killer App ∙ ICMOVPE 2010 May 24 ∙ SAND2010-4049C ∙ 4/7 The other electronics “killer apps” MarketLiquid crystal displays (2009) Solar cells (2009) Si electronics (2009) GaN solid-state lighting (2030) GaAs electronics (2009) Approximate area turnover (km 2 /year) 23064 4.40.150.026 # football fields / year 43,000 (Lake Tahoe / 2) 11,800 (Manhattan) 800 (2 x Monaco) 28 (Vatican City / 4) 5 http://blog.elisehuard.be/wp- content/uploads/2007/12/wafer_ 200mm_90nm_1024k_dc.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi le:Solar_cell.png Sharp QuadPixel RGBY LED- backlit LCD Display. http://www.macworld.com/articl e/145541/2010/01/sharp_quadpi xel.html http://www.itechnews.net/wp- content/uploads/2009/07/Noki a-3720-Classic-the-most- rugged-mobile-phone.jpg Estimate from Steven S Rosenblum, Corning, Inc Assuming 9.6 GW p (http://www.displaybank.com/en g/info/sread.php?id=5730) at 15% efficiency Estimate from A Anwar, Strategy Analytics Estimate from Gartner (http://www.fabtech.org/news/_ a/gartner_revises_silicon_wafer_ demand_forecast/) http://tan-moneyonline.com/wp- content/uploads/2008/03/eartha tnight-asia1.jpg

5 JY Tsao ∙ SSL: The III-V Epi Killer App ∙ ICMOVPE 2010 May 24 ∙ SAND2010-4049C ∙ 5/7 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 CoL ope = CoE/η ($/Mlmh) CoL cap ~ $ Win /[η∙τ] ($/Mlmh) 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 Incandescent Fluorescent 2005.8 2007.2 2008.5 1:6 Ratio Phosphors↑ B LED↑ RGB Perfect 2004.8 0.35A 0.7A 1.5A HID 2009.7 Enroute to the end game: luminous efficacy, cost, functionality Adapted from JY Tsao, ME Coltrin, MH Crawford, JA Simmons, “SSL: An Integrated Human Factors, Technology and Economic Perspective,” Proc IEEE (in press). 7.1x 3.5x 4.6x 4.9x $ Win η η $/W lm/W Mh $/MWh lm/W

6 JY Tsao ∙ SSL: The III-V Epi Killer App ∙ ICMOVPE 2010 May 24 ∙ SAND2010-4049C ∙ 6/7 Technology Grand Challenges Courtesy of M. Krames, Philips-Lumileds 1W LEDs 350 mA Luminous Efficacy and Functionality: Fill in the red-yellow- green gap and add control loops Cost: Eliminate blue LED efficiency droop 0.1 1.0 10 100 1,000 10,000 J (A/cm 2 ) 0.1 0 ε 0.2 0.3 k (ns -1 ) 0.01 0.001 0.1 1 Schockley-Read-Hall Auger- like Spontaneous Emission Target: 200 A/cm 2 1 23 Luminous Efficacy: Narrow-linewidth shallow-red color conversion Wavelength (nm) Luminous Efficacy (lm/W) Spectral power distribution (W/nm) 614 Human eye response State-of-art LED 456 614 456535573 0.6Ω 2.8V ε Joule ε IQE

7 JY Tsao ∙ SSL: The III-V Epi Killer App ∙ ICMOVPE 2010 May 24 ∙ SAND2010-4049C ∙ 7/7 Acknowledgements: Randy Creighton ∙ Mike Coltrin ∙ Roland Haitz ∙ Harry Saunders ∙ Eric Shaner ∙ Jerry Simmons ∙ Paul Waide Work at Sandia National Laboratories was supported by Sandia’s Solid-State-Lighting Science Energy Frontier Research Center, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. http://blog.elisehuard.be/wp- content/uploads/2007/12/wafer_ 200mm_90nm_1024k_dc.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi le:Solar_cell.png Sharp QuadPixel RGBY LED- backlit LCD Display. http://www.macworld.com/articl e/145541/2010/01/sharp_quadpi xel.html http://www.itechnews.net/wp- content/uploads/2009/07/Noki a-3720-Classic-the-most- rugged-mobile-phone.jpg http://tan-moneyonline.com/wp- content/uploads/2008/03/eartha tnight-asia1.jpg


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