1. »Ch 20 and 21

2. Crises over Cuba The Cuban Dilemma Revolutionary leader Fidel Castro declares himself communist - seizes U.S. properties; Eisenhower cuts off diplomatic relations 10% of Cuban population goes into exile; mostly to U.S. NEXT Continued... Image

5. The Promise of Progress Kennedy’s Vision of Progress New Frontier—policies of the Kennedy administration The New Frontier NEXT Continued...

7. The Televised Debate Affects Votes in 1960 Americans fear U.S. falling behind Soviets militarily First televised presidential debate between Kennedy, Richard Nixon Kennedy coached by TV producers, comes across better than Nixon Kennedy and Civil Rights JFK takes stand on arrest of Martin Luther King, Jr; wins black vote

8. The Bay of Pigs Cuban exiles, CIA plan invasion to topple Castro Plans go wrong; exile forces killed, taken prisoner mission is public embarrassment

9. continued Crises over Cuba The Cuban Missile Crisis Nikita Khrushchev sends weapons to Cuba, including nuclear missiles JFK warns Soviets that missile placement will result in war Soviets avoid confrontation at sea; reach agreement with U.S. 1 SECTION NEXT Kennedy and Khrushchev Take the Heat Khrushchev’s prestige severely damaged in U.S.S.R. JFK criticized for brinkmanship, also for not ousting Castro Cuban exiles switch to GOP; Castro bans flights to and from Miami Interactive

10. Tragedy in Dallas Four Days in November November 22, 1963, JFK shot, killed riding in motorcade in Dallas Jack Ruby shoots alleged assassin Lee Harvey Oswald Vice president Lyndon Johnson succeeds JFK 2 SECTION NEXT Unanswered Questions Warren Commission investigates, concludes Oswald acted alone 1979 reinvestigation concludes Oswald part of conspiracy Image

14. Martin Luther King, Jr., waving to the crowd at the Lincoln Memorial during the March on Washington, D.C. (1963). Civil Rights Activism, new legislation, and the Supreme Court advance equal rights for African Americans. But disagreements among civil rights groups lead to a violent period for the civil rights movement. NEXT

15. Civil Rights SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3 Taking on Segregation The Triumphs of a Crusade Challenges and Changes in the Movement

16. Section 1 Taking on Segregation Activism and a series of Supreme Court decisions advance equal rights for African Americans in the 1950s and 1960s. NEXT

17. The Segregation System Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 ruling: separate but equal constitutional Taking on Segregation 1 SECTION NEXT Image Continued...

18. Challenging Segregation in Court 1 SECTION NEXT Brown v. Board of Education Marshall’s greatest victory is Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka In 1954 case, Court unanimously strikes down school segregation Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 ruling: separate but equal

19. Reaction to the Brown Decision Resistance to School Desegregation Within 1 year, over 500 school districts desegregate Some districts, state officials, pro-white groups actively resist 1 SECTION NEXT Continued...

20. continued Reaction to the Brown Decision Crisis in Little Rock Gov. Orval Faubus has National Guard turn away black students supervise school attendance African-American students harassed by whites at school all year 1957 Civil Rights Act—federal government power over schools, voting 1 SECTION NEXT Image

21. The Montgomery Bus Boycott Boycotting Segregation 1955 NAACP officer Rosa Parks arrested for not giving up seat on bus organizes bus boycott Elect 26-year-old Baptist pastor Martin Luther King, Jr. leader- civil disobedience, massive demonstration 1 SECTION NEXT Walking for Justice 1956, Supreme Court outlaws bus segregation Image

22. Section 2 The Triumphs of a Crusade Civil rights activists break through racial barriers. Their activism prompts landmark legislation. NEXT

23. Riding for Freedom CORE’s Freedom Rides 1961, CORE tests Court decision banning interstate bus segregation Freedom riders—blacks, whites sit, use station facilities together The Triumphs of a Crusade 2 SECTION NEXT Continued...

24. Marching to Washington 2 SECTION NEXT More Violence September, 4 Birmingham girls killed when bomb thrown into church LBJ signs Civil Rights Act of 1964 - prohibits discrimination because of race, religion, gender

25. continued Fighting for Voting Rights The Selma Campaign 1965, voting rights demonstrator killed in Selma, AL King leads 600 protest marchers; TV shows police violently stop them 2 SECTION NEXT Voting Rights Act of 1965 Congress finally passes Voting Rights Act of 1965 Stops literacy tests, allows federal officials to enroll voters Increases black voter enrollment Chart

26. NEXT Section 3 Challenges and Changes in the Movement Disagreements among civil rights groups and the rise of black nationalism create a violent period in the fight for civil rights.

27. NEXT African Americans Seek Greater Equality Northern Segregation De facto segregation exists by practice, custom; problem in North De jure segregation is segregation required by law Challenges and Changes in the Movement 3 SECTION Continued...

28. NEXT 3 SECTION African-American Solidarity Nation of Islam, Black Muslims, advocate blacks separate from whites - believe whites source of black problems Malcolm X—controversial Muslim leader, speaker; gets much publicity Frightens whites, moderate blacks; resented by other Black Muslims New Leaders Voice Discontent Continued... Image

30. NEXT continued New Leaders Voice Discontent 3 SECTION Black Panthers Black Panthers fight police brutality, want black self-sufficiency Preach ideas of Mao Zedong; have violent confrontations with police

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