1. 10/28/97A F Emery1 PSYCHROMETRICS and ELEMENTARY PROCESSES (SI Units) Ashley F. Emery University of Washington

2. 10/28/97A F Emery2 Psychrometrics The study of a mixture of dry air and water vapor Although precise thermodynamic relations are available for moist air, we will treat moist air as a mixture of ideal gases

3. 10/28/97A F Emery3 Why study psychrometrics? The degree of moisture has a strong effect on 1) heating, cooling, and comfort 2) insulation, roofing, stability and deformation of building materials 3) sound absorption, odor levels, ventilation 4) industry and agriculture

4. 10/28/97A F Emery4 Dry Air and Water Vapor Nitrogen78.08428.0134 Oxygen20.44831.9988 Argon.93439.9430 Carbon Dioxide.03144.0100 Dry Air Component% by volMW Effective MW 28.9645 Water Vapor 18.0153

5. 10/28/97A F Emery5 IDEAL GAS PV=mRT P = pressure Pa. V= volume cu. meter. m=mass kg R=gas constant T=temperature K=C+273

6. 10/28/97A F Emery6 Dalton’s Law partial pressures

7. 10/28/97A F Emery7 Mixture of Gases letting and remembering that we obtain

8. 10/28/97A F Emery8 IMPORTANT PROPERTIES Humidity ratio, W Humidity ratio is the mass of water vapor per unit mass of dry air. Units are kg/kg

9. 10/28/97A F Emery9 IMPORTANT PROPERTIES Saturated Humidity ratio, Saturation is when the air contains the maximum amount of water vapor at its current temperature. The saturation pressure is taken from the steam tables at the moist air temperature.

10. 10/28/97A F Emery10 IMPORTANT PROPERTIES Relative humidity, Relative humidity is defined as the ratio of the partial pressure of the water vapor to the saturation pressure at the same temperature

11. 10/28/97A F Emery11 IMPORTANT PROPERTIES Degree of saturation, Degree of saturation is the ratio of the amount of water contained in the moist air to that which would be contained if the air were saturated

12. 10/28/97A F Emery12 IMPORTANT TEMPERATURES Dry Bulb Dew Point = temperature of moist air at rest = temperature at which the water vapor will condense out of the moist air. It is the temperature for which W is the saturated humidity ratio

13. 10/28/97A F Emery13 IMPORTANT TEMPERATURES Adiabatic Saturation Temperature, it is the temperature at which liquid water would evaporate into the moist air without any heat addition to the system satisfies

14. 10/28/97A F Emery14 IMPORTANT TEMPERATURES Wet Bulb Temperature, Is the temperature reached by evaporative cooling. A cotton sock is wrapped around a thermometer, saturated with distilled water. The water evaporates and the resulting temperature is called the wet bulb temperature. It is a close approximation to

15. 10/28/97A F Emery15 Thermodynamic Properties enthalpy, kJ/kg of dry air =1.0 T +W(1.805 T +2501 ) specific volume, cu. m /kg of dry air

16. 10/28/97A F Emery16 Example moist air at 26C dry bulb, 18C dew point, 101 kPa a) dp P =saturation pressure at the dew point Temperature. From the steam tables dp P =2.0643 kPa 0130.0.2.0643. 101. 2.0643 622.0    W b) if the 26C moist air were saturated, ws P = 3.3633 kPa and 0214.0.. 101 3.3633. 622.0    s W

17. 10/28/97A F Emery17 Example (continued)Example a)degree of saturation 608.0 0214.0 0130.0  s W W  d)relative humidity 614.0.3.3633.2.0643  Pws w P  e) enthalpy h= 26 +0.013*(2501+1.805*26) = 59.12 kJ/kg f)volume -2.0643) *1000. (101 )27326(*. 287.06   da v = 0. 8675 cu. m./kg

18. 10/28/97A F Emery18 W h rh Psychrometric Chart saturation line

19. 10/28/97A F Emery19 Simple Heating W 12 CTTT20 2,4C * 1,10C 1 

20. 10/28/97A F Emery20 Simple Heating, solution 0026.0 21  WW 10+0.0026*(1.805*10+2501)=16.55 kJ/kg = 10.05kJ/kg-da CTTT20 2,4C * 1,10C 1  20+0.0026*(1.805*20+2501)=26.60 kJ/kg

21. 10/28/97A F Emery21 Simple Heating and Humidification W 1 w T 17C T 20C TTT10C, * 3, 3,4C * 1,10C 1  3

22. 10/28/97A F Emery22 Simple Heating and Humidification, Solution W 1 3 0110.0 3  W 0026.0 1  W 16.55 20+0.0110*(1.805*20+2501)=47.91 kJ/kg-da =0.0110-0.0026=0.0084 kg/kg-da 83.90 w T 17C T 20C TTT10C, * 3, 3,4C * 1,10C 1 

23. 10/28/97A F Emery23 Simple Heating and Humidification, Solution W 1 3 0110.0 3  W 0026.0 1  W 16.55 42.01 =47.91-16.55-0.0084*42.01 =31.01 kJ/kg-da w T 17C T 20C TTT10C, * 3, 3,4C * 1,10C 1  20+0.0110*(1.805*20+2501)=47.91 kJ/kg-da

24. 10/28/97A F Emery24 Dehumidification and Cooling W 2 1 0026.0 3  W 0110.0 1  W 47.91 16.55 CTCTCTT4 * 2,10 2,17 * 1,20C 1  The answer is the same as for the previous problem since the end points are the same BUT how can we actually go from point 1 to point 2?? ALSO T w =?

25. 10/28/97A F Emery25 Dehumidification and Cooling, solution W 2 1 1’ 2’ 1 to 1’ by cooling 1’ to 2’ by cooling and dehumidification 2’ to 2 by heating

26. 10/28/97A F Emery26 Dehumidification and Cooling, solution W 2 1 1 to 1’ by cooling 15.4C 47.91 15.4+0.0110*(1.805*15.4+2501)=43.22 0.0110 (43.22-47.91) = -4.69 kJ/kg-da 1’ 2’

27. 10/28/97A F Emery27 Dehumidification and Cooling, solution W 2 1 1’ to 2’ by cooling and dehumidification 1’ 2’ 0110.0 1  W 0026.0 2  W ' 2  T assume that the water leaves at C

28. 10/28/97A F Emery28 Dehumidification and Cooling, solution W 2 1 1’ to 2’ by cooling and dehumidification 1’ 2’ 43.22 '1  h 342.8 '2,  w h 1.98 '2  h -4.5 '2  T 38.36 '2'1   da m q   0084.0  da m w m  

29. 10/28/97A F Emery29 Dehumidification and Cooling, solution W 2 1 2’ to 2 by heating 1’ 2’ 16.55 2  h 1.98 '2  h 2'2   da m q  

30. 10/28/97A F Emery30 Dehumidification and Cooling, solution W 2 1 1’ 2’ 14.57 2'2   da m q   38.36 '2'1   da m q  . 4.69 '11   da m q   28.48 21   da m q  

31. 10/28/97A F Emery31 Difference between Humidification and Dehumidification W 1 2 W 2 1 1’ 2’ Water is injected at 10C Water is rejected at -4.5C 28.48 21   da m q   21   da m q  

32. 10/28/97A F Emery32 Adiabatic Mixing of 2 Streams 1 2 3

33. 10/28/97A F Emery33 Adiabatic Mixing of 2 Streams 1 2 3 W 1 2 3

34. 10/28/97A F Emery34 Adiabatic Mixing of 2 Streams, example 1 2 3 100 m 3 /min at 16C dry bulb and rh=50% is mixed with 50 m 3 /min at 26C dry bulb and 15C wet bulb. min 121.07 kg/0.826/100 1 / 1, v da m   58.550.854/50 2 / 2,  v da m 

35. 10/28/97A F Emery35 Adiabatic Mixing of 2 Streams, example 1 2 3 19.1C db, 42% rh 5.8C dp w 1 =0.0056 w 2 = 0.0062 w 3 = 0.0058 h 1 = 30.17 h 2 = 41.80 h 3 = 33.96 rh 2 = 29%