1. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids Susan Baird Dori Delaney Cindy Rothwell

2. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids If you examine the periodic table you will discover that the elements are classified as metals, nonmetals or metalloids.periodic table Return to Home Page

3. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids The metals are all the elements on the left side of the periodic table except for hydrogen. On this periodic table the metals are coloured yellow.periodic table Return to Home Page

4. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids Properties of Metals: Metals are highly reflective (shiny). Photo Courtesy of NSRW Return to Home Page

5. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids Properties of Metals: Metals are highly reflective (shiny). Metals can be hammered into shapes (malleable) and drawn into wires (ductile) without cracking. Return to Home Page Photo Courtesy of Paresh Wire Traders

6. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids Properties of Metals: Metals are highly reflective (shiny). Metals can be hammered into shapes (malleable) and drawn into wires (ductile) without cracking. Most metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. Return to Home Page

7. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids Metals can lose all of their valence electrons to form positive ions called cations. Return to Home Page

8. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids The nonmetals are all of the elements on the right side of the periodic table plus hydrogen. The nonmetals are coloured green on this periodic table.periodic table Return to Home Page

9. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids Properties of Nonmetals: Solid nonmetals have crystal structures that are brittle so they cannot be drawn into wires or hammered into shapes. Photo Courtesy of Bradley Gough Diamonds Return to Home Page

10. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids Properties of Nonmetals: Solid nonmetals have crystal structures that are brittle so they cannot be drawn into wires or hammered into shapes. Nonmetals are insulators (poor conductors of electricity). Return to Home Page

11. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids Properties of Nonmetals Solid nonmetals have crystal structures that are brittle so they cannot be drawn into wires or hammered into shapes. Nonmetals are insulators (poor conductors of electricity). Nonmetals are less dense than metals. Return to Home Page

12. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids Nonmetals gain electrons to fill their outer valence shells. When the nonmetals gain electrons they form negative ions called anions. Return to Home Page

13. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids Metalloids are found on the periodic table between the metals and the nonmetals. Metalloids are coloured purple on this periodic table. periodic table Return to Home Page

14. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids Properties of the Metalloids Metalloids have properties that are intermediate between the metals and nonmetals Metalloids are semiconductors and are used extensively in memory chips Return to Home Page

15. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids The metalloids can gain or lose electrons to gain a full valence shell of electrons. Return to Home Page

16. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids Why is it important to know if an element is a metal or a nonmetal? Return to Home Page

17. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids Why is it important to know if an element is a metal or a nonmetal? If a compound contains a metal and a nonmetal the bonding is ionic. Return to Home Page

18. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids Why is it important to know if an element is a metal or a nonmetal? If a compound contains a metal and a nonmetal the bonding is ionic. If a compound contains only nonmetals then the bonding is covalent. Return to Home Page

19. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids What kind of bonding is present in NaCl? Na is a metal NaCl. (Courtesy of OCW.) Cl is a nonmetal Therefore the bonding is ionic. Return to Home Page

20. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids What kind of bonding is present in CO 2 ? Carbon is a nonmetal. Oxygen is a nonmetal. Therefore the bonding is covalent. Return to Home Page

21. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids What kind of bonding is present in the following substances? CCl 4 Li 2 O N 2 O H 2 Answers are on the next page. Return to Home Page

22. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids What kind of bonding is present in the following substances? CCl 4 Both C and Cl are nonmetals so covalent bonding is present Li 2 O Li is a metal and O is a nonmetal so the bonding is Ionic Return to Home Page

23. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids What kind of bonding is present in the following substances? N 2 O Both N and O are nonmetals so the bonding is covalent. H 2 Both hydrogen atoms are nonmetals so the bonding is covalent. Return to Home Page

24. Ionic & Molecular Compounds Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids More information on ionic bonding can be found on the ionic bonding pageionic bonding page More information on covalent bonding can be found on the covalent bonding page.covalent bonding page Return to Home Page