1. Ionic Bonds
Chemistry
Mrs. Coyle

2. Part A:
Ions
Lewis Dot Structure
Stable Octet (or Duet)

3. The Periodic Table and Atomic Radius

4. Valence Electrons
Valence electrons are the electrons in the highest occupied energy level of the atom.
Valence electrons are the only electrons generally involved in bond formation.

5. Electron Configuration of Sodium
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
Which is the valence electron for Na?
Answer: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1

6. Na , 11 e

7. Na + , 10e

8. A Positive Ion (Cation):
An atom that has lost one or more electrons.
+ charge

9. Electron Dot Structure or Lewis Dot Diagram
A notation showing the valence electrons surrounding the atomic symbol.

10. Elements within the same group have the same electron-dot structure.

11. A Negative Ion (Anion) An atom that has gained one or more electrons.
Negatively (-) charged.

12. Chlorine Atom  Chlorine Ion

13. Check your Neighbor
When Na, (Z= 11) loses its valence electron, what element does its configuration look like ?
Neon
Potassium
Beryllium
Sodium
C. discover the property called inertia.

14. Check your Neighbor
When Na, (Z= 11) loses its valence electron, what element does its configuration look like ?
Neon
Potassium
Beryllium
Sodium
C. discover the property called inertia.

15. A Stable Octet
When the valence shell is full, the atom is stable, less likely to react.
Example: Noble (Inert Gases) Kr

16. Note
Atoms tend to react in a way that would lead them to have a stable octet.

17. Part B: Equations for Formation of Ions and Naming Ions
Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds

18. Equations for the Formation of Cations
H  H e-
Li  Li e-
Mg:  Mg e-

19. Equations for the Formation of Anions
: F : + e-  : F - :

20. Naming cations (+). Use the name of the metal. Example: Na+
Sodium ion.

21. Naming Anions(-) Use the name of the nonmetal with the ending –ide.
Example: F-
Fluoride

22. Ionic Compounds Are made up of: a metal and a nonmetal ion.
polyatomic ions.

23. Naming Ionic Compounds, a First Look
Example: NaF
Sodium Fluoride

24. Example: Which of the following compounds are ionic? NaCl CO2 CO KF
KNO3

25. Some Common Ions

26. Bonding Elements that do not have a complete octet, tend to react.
When the elements react bonds are formed.

27. Types of Bonds
Ionic
Metallic
Covalent

28. Ionic Bonds
Bonds that are formed by transfer of electrons from one element to the other.
Each element (now an ion) will have a complete octet after the transfer of electrons.

29. The Ionic Bond
• The electrical force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Na+ F−

30. Example: Formation of Lithium Fluoride
Li : F :  Li+ : F - :

31. Is an Ionic Compound Electrically Neutral or Charged?

32. Movie Clip

33. Chemical Formula
A representation of the kinds and number of atoms in a substance.

34. Formula Unit
A chemical formula that shows the lowest whole number ratio of the atoms (ions) in an ionic compound.
Example: KCl, Mg Cl2

35. The formula unit is used because ionic compounds have a lattice arrangement of ions. Ex: NaCl
Which ball represents the Na?