1. APPROPRIATE LAW COST TECHNIQUES IN RURAL WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES H,M.GUNAPALA(E/A) RWS-Unit Monaragala MAHINDA DISSANAYAKE RWS-Unit Badulla

2. W HY WE NEED L AW COST TECHNIQUES ? To minimized the overall cost in rural water supply scheme’s

3. W HAT ARE THE LAW COST TECHNIQUES  Ferrocement Ground reservoir's Ferrocement Ground reservoir's  Ferrocement elevated Tanks Ferrocement elevated Tanks  Ferrocement roughing filter’s Ferrocement roughing filter’s  Ferrocement Slow sand filter’s Ferrocement Slow sand filter’s

4.  Plastic shell roughing filter’s Plastic shell roughing filter’s  Plastic shell rainwater harvesting tank Plastic shell rainwater harvesting tank NEXT

5. Ferrocement Ground reservoir's Back

6. F ERROCEMENT ELEVATED T ANKS Back

7. F ERROCEMENT ROUGHING FILTER ’ S Back

8. F ERROCEMENT S LOW SAND FILTER ’ S Back

9. P LASTIC SHELL ROUGHING FILTER ’ S Back

10. P LASTIC SHELL RAINWATER HARVESTING TANK Back

11. S RI L ANKA CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER 1980 –Sarvodaya/Danida Project(capacity up to 10 - 15 Cm) 1990 – CWSSP Project (capacity up to 40 Cm) 1995-NWS&DB – Small town water supply and sanitation project (capacity up to 40 Cm) 2000-NWS&DB – ADM 3rd project (capacity up to 100 Cm)

12. H OW T O C ONSTRUCT F ERROCEMENT T ANK ? Tank Base Tank wall Tank Dome NEXT

13. T ANK B ASE Back

14. T ANK WALL Back

15. T ANK D OME Back

16. C ONSTRUCTION MISTAKES OCCURRED DURING CONSTRUCTION PERIOD Pipes arrangement (inlet,outlet &wash out pipe) not placing correct place Tank wall not align correctly Dome is not construct ' correct shape Wall thickness is increased than recommended thickness 4.5 mm dia GI wire not connected to base properly 4.5 mm dia GI wire is not fixed to the wall in correct distance Neglect water cement ratio Neglect quality of materials Curing is not done properly NEXT

17. P IPES ARRANGEMENT ( INLET, OUTLET & WASH OUT PIPE ) NOT PLACING CORRECT PLACE Back

18. T ANK WALL NOT ALIGN CORRECTLY Back

19. D OME IS NOT CONSTRUCT ' CORRECT SHAPE Back

20. 4.5 MM DIA GI WIRE NOT CONNECTED TO BASE PROPERLY Back

21. 4.5 MM DIA GI WIRE IS NOT FIXED TO THE WALL IN CORRECT DISTANCE Back

22. O UT COMES OF CONSTRUCTION MISTAKES Tank will be out of shape Water leak can be occurred Construction cost would be increased Durability of the tank would be decreased NEXT

23. T ANK WILL BE OUT OF SHAPE BACK

24. W ATER LEAK CAN BE OCCURRED BACK

25. C OMPARISON OF FEROCEMENT TANK & CONCRETE TANK (ADB 3 RD PROJECT -M ONARAGALA ) Table -01 Table -02 NEXT

26. BACK

27. Description Cost for Ferro cement tank SLR Cost for concrete tank SLR Percentage reduction compared to concrete tank 30 cum ground tank 110740280000 60 % 50 cum ground tank 154560413000 67 % 30 cum elevated tank 6.8m (height) 341180585900 42 % 60 cum elevated tank 9 m (height) 6656301078700 38 % BACK

31. VIDEO – 01 VIDEO – 02 VIDEO – 03

32. A DVANTAGES OF FERROCEMENT TECHNOLLOOGY Law cost for general types of constructions Simplicity in technology Not much skill labour required Required tools and equipment can be found easily Light weight and therefore easy handling Easy repairs and maintenance Adequate strength for rural development Adequate durability Protection against sunshine and flooding Easy removal

33. O THER A PPLICATION OF FERROCEMENT TECHNIQUES Intake well dome Water pond Patrician wall Domestic water storage tank Rainwater harvesting tanks toilets Chlorine house NEXT

34. I NTAKE WELL DOME BACK

35. INTAKE WELL DOME VIDEO BACK

36. W ATER POND BACK

37. P ATRICIANS WALL BACK

38. D OMESTIC WATER STORAGE TANK BACK

39. R AINWATER HARVESTING TANKS BACK

40. TOILETS BACK

42. O THER APPLICATION - FOREIGN COUNTRIES

44. Other application-foreign countries