1. Charcoal One of the oldest and most evocative mediums available. Created by Carbonizing wood in airtight containers.

2. Two Types of Charcoal Compressed Has a more intense appearance and used for larger areas of tone. Vine A more delicate form of charcoal to express line quality.

3. A rough tooth paper is better for charcoal because it can hold more of the material than a paper with less of a tooth.

4. Step 1: Spread charcoal evenly all over the paper to establish a middle tone/value.

5. Step 2: Using a kneaded or gum eraser, to “draw in” the lighter values.

6. Step 3: Draw the darker values back in with the charcoal to create value contrast.

7. Step 4: Apply spray fixative. Spray fixative is a resin dissolved in a spray form that holds the charcoal/pastel pigment in place.

8. Spray fixative can be applied if the paper is no longer holding the pigment or to keep the artwork from smudging once the artwork is finished.

9. Charcoal Tips: ○ Use strong light/dark contrast ○ Layer the charcoal ○ Use vine charcoal for underdrawing (it erases easier than compressed) ○ Use eraser to draw ○ Blending tools ○ Finger ○ Tortillion ○ Rag/paper towel

10. Additional charcoal drawing examples: www.jdhillberry.com nartbits.deviantart.com www.jdhillberry.com nartbits.deviantart.com

11. Additional charcoal drawing examples: andrewblack.carbonmade.com www.isalosfineart.com andrewblack.carbonmade.com www.isalosfineart.com

12. Additional charcoal drawing examples: bettinashzu.com bettinashzu.com

13. Additional charcoal drawing examples: