1. California Asphalt Rubber Case Studies – Reduced Thickness Jack Van Kirk Basic Resources

2. Presentation Outline What is Asphalt Rubber Where has it been used successfully Caltrans reduced thickness design guidelines and supporting research Cost-effective strategies Advantages of asphalt rubber

3. Definition of Asphalt Rubber Uses a minimum of 20 +/- 2 % crumb rubber Uses 2mm size crumb rubber Reacts/interacts crumb rubber for a minimum of 45 min. at elevated temperatures Modifies original properties of asphalt cement

4. Crumb Rubber Modifier

5. Ground tire rubber is received in 2,000 pound “Supersacks”.

6. Current Use Asphalt Rubber Strategies Asphalt Rubber Hot Mix (ARHM) Asphalt Rubber Chip Seal Asphalt Rubber Cape Seal Multi-Layer Systems

7. Where have Asphalt Rubber strategies been used successfully?

8. Caltrans Reduced Thickness Design Guideline Caltrans developed the guidelines in 1992 Based on laboratory and long-term field data (two decades) Supported by research efforts

9. Design of Asphalt Rubber Pavements Uses a deflection based design method Up to 50 % reduction in thickness compared to conventional AC design thickness Over 1000 reduced thickness projects

10. Structural Equivalencies Thickness (mm) DGACARHM-GG ARHM-GG on a SAMI 45 30 -- 60 30 -- 75 45 30 90 45 45

11. Ravendale Project First project to use reduced thickness Asphalt Rubber pavements when compared to the conventional AC design thickness Different thickness test sections of Asphalt Rubber and conventional AC mixes were placed for comparison

12. 75mm 45mm 45mm 45mm 75mm 45,60,75,150mm

15. 45mm AR over SAMI 16 yrs old

17. 75mm AR over SAMI 16 yrs old

19. Council On Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Caltrans conducted a research project with CSIR, UCB, and Dynatest Consulting to verify the reduced thickness theory for Asphalt Rubber pavements The research used accelerated pavement testing (APT) using the heavy vehicle simulator (HVS) The research included laboratory testing to support the field testing

22. Original condition of pavement in South Africa

23. 75 mm Conv. AC 38 mm ARHM 25 mm ARHM

24. Repetitions Wheel Load AC Overlay Section (75mm) ARHM-GG Section (38mm) ARHM-GG Section (25mm) 0-100,00040kNFine cracks at 100,000 __ 100,000 to 175,000 40kNBlock cracks at 175,000 __ Wheel load Changed to 80 kN 175,000 to 200,000 80kNCompletely cracked __ Fine cracks 200,000 to 237,000 80kNTest stopped __ Completely cracked Surface Temperature Reduced to –5 C 237,000 to 250,000 80kNTest stopped1/2 of section cracked Test stopped Performance

25. Supporting Research UAF (Raad) - Conducted laboratory beam fatigue testing of ARHM-GG and conventional DGAC and concluded that ARHM-GG had significant improvement in fatigue properties OSU (Hicks) and UNR (Epps) - Conducted life cycle cost analysis and concluded that Asphalt Rubber was more cost-effective when compared to conventional AC pavement maintenance and rehabilitation strategies

26. Asphalt Rubber 3-Layer Systems Asphalt Rubber binder used in hot mix and chip seals can be used in different thin layer systems These systems can save hundreds of thousands of dollars when compared to full reconstruction using conventional strategies

27. Asphalt Rubber SAMI Caltrans conducted field trials using Asphalt Rubber stress absorbing membrane interlayers (SAMI) In 1991 Caltrans concluded that SAMI’s in AC overlays of AC pavements with aggregate base are equivalent to approximately 52mm of AC in retarding initial cracking

29. Randolph Avenue Costa Mesa, CA

30. 37mm ARHM-GG ARCS 25mm AC 10 years old

31. Philadelphia Street Whittier, CA

32. 37mm ARHM-GG ARCS 25mm AC 10 years old

33. Los Angeles, CA Thin Asphalt Rubber Overlays

34. 25mm ARHM-GG 1 year old

35. 5 years old

36. 10 years old

37. Advantages of Asphalt Rubber Binder Significantly higher binder contents - 20 % higher in dense graded mixes - 40 - 50 % higher in gap graded mixes - 50 - 60 % higher in open graded mixes Thicker film thickness Reduced oxidation Increased durability Increased resistance to reflective cracking

38. Advantages of Asphalt Rubber Pavement Strategies More abrasion resistant Reduced oxidation Increased fatigue resistance Can reduce thickness Reduced construction time/Increased safety Savings in energy and natural resources Lower maintenance cost

39. Why choose Asphalt Rubber strategies? Has a long term performance history (over 30 years) Over 1000 successful reduced thickness projects Proven alternative to costly reconstruction Established life cycle cost-effectiveness

40. Asphalt Rubber = Performance Thank you!