1. Asphalt-Rubber Systems Types and Uses

2. Types SAM Stress Absorbing Membrane SAMI Stress Absorbing Membrane Interlayer ARC - DG Asphalt Rubber Concrete Dense Graded ARC - GG Asphalt Rubber Concrete Gap Graded ARC - OG Asphalt Rubber Concrete Open Graded

3. SAM Stress Absorbing Membrane SAM - Stress Absorbing Membrane Pre-existing Pavement Pavement Aka. Chip seal or seal coat

4. SAMI Stress Absorbing Membrane Interlayer SAMI - Stress Absorbing Membrane Interlayer Pre-existing Pavement Pavement AC or ARC Overlay Also known as a Two Layer System, or an under-layer.

5. SAMI in a three layer system Pre-existing Pavement Pavement AC or ARC Overlay SAMI Leveling Course

6. Open GradedGap GradedDense Graded Aggregate Gradation Comparison

7. SAM - Where To Use Fatigue Cracking Little or no crackingLittle or no cracking Satisfactory RideSatisfactory Ride

8. Fatigue Cracking - Townsend Divide

9. SAM - Where To Use Block Cracking generally < 5’ spacing generally < 5’ spacing seal and fill cracks seal and fill cracks satisfactory ride satisfactory ride

10. Block Cracking - Ravendale

11. SAMI - Where To Use Fatigue Cracking Ride Improvement Required Ride Improvement Required Structural Improvement Required Structural Improvement Required Moderate Severity Rutting Moderate Severity Rutting (unless overlay is thick)

12. SAMI - Where to Use: Stabilized Bases Stabilized Bases - Improved Ride vs. SAM - Additional Structural Support Swelling Soils Swelling Soils - Reduce Moisture Variation - Entire Width of Roadbed

13. Sami in Northern, AZ

14. Block Cracking

15. OVERLAY.5 ACFC 1.5” AC 1.5” AC MEMBRANE MEMBRANE 2.75” AC AZ-MO 2.75” AC AZ-MO LEVELING LEVELING ASPHALT RUBBER MEMBRANE CUT SECTION

16. OVERLAY.5 ACFC 1.5” AC 1.5” AC MEMBRANE 2.75” AC AZ-MO LEVELING LEVELING ASPHALT RUBBER MEMBRANE FILL SECTION

18. 3 Layer System Rough or Faulted Pavements Rough or Faulted Pavements Reflective Cracking Stresses are High Reflective Cracking Stresses are High Very Effective on PCC Pavement Very Effective on PCC Pavement

19. Water Pumping Through Cracks I-40

20. Open Graded ARC Top Course Top Course - Rehabilitation or New Construction - Improve Friction (Especially in Wet Weather) Weather) - 2 or 3 Layer Systems - 1 to 1-1/2” Over PCCP - Flushed or Bleeding Pavement with Low Rutting Low Rutting

21. I-19 OG Overlay Placed 1988 Valencia Rd Exit

22. I-19 OG Overlay Placed 1988 Valencia Rd Exit Photo taken 03/00

23. I-40 Cracked PCCP Flagstaff, AZ 1989

24. I-40, 1998 4” Conventional AC (left) 2” AR OGFC over 2” ARC GG (right) after 8 years service after 8 years service

25. AR-OGFC on PCCP, I-17 Phx, AZ Aug 2000

27. Gap Graded ARC Almost Any Cracked Pavement Almost Any Cracked Pavement Additional Structure is Required Additional Structure is Required Top Lift in 2 or 3 Layer Systems Top Lift in 2 or 3 Layer Systems Bottom Lift in 3 Layer Systems Bottom Lift in 3 Layer Systems

28. Gap Graded Overlay

30. Open Graded 1” and 1.5” Gap Graded Overlay US 70 Tennessee

31. I40 Open Graded 0.75” over PCCP Cores

32. Dense Graded ARC New Construction New Construction Thick Overlay for Structure is Required Thick Overlay for Structure is Required

33. Possum Modified AC AC