1. Prof. Khaled H. Abu-Elteen
A Mycology Atlas
Prof. Khaled H. Abu-Elteen

2. Cryptococcosis, face. This patient had cryptococcal meningitis with cutaneous lesions. Note the unusual ulcerations and papules. Early lesions can often be confused with molluscum contagiosum. Patient was severely immunocompromised with HIV disease.
Cryptococcosis, face. This patient had cryptococcal meningitis with cutaneous lesions. Note the unusual ulcerations. Patient was severely immunocompromised with HIV disease.

3. Histoplasmosis, face. There are numerous erythematous plaques and papules on the skin of this patient who had disse,minated histoplasmosis spread from his lungs. This individual was HIV positive.
Histoplasmosis, face. There are numerous erythematous plaques on the skin of this patient who had disseminated histoplasmosis spread from his lungs. This individual was HIV positive.

4. Tinea barbae upper lip. This represents an unusual presentation of a fungal infection involving the skin. Note the scaly plaque just underneath the nostrils and above the lip.
Tinea barbae upper lip. This represents an unusual presentation of a fungal infection involving the skin. Note the scaly plaque just underneath the nostrils and above the lip.

5. Tinea corporis, eyelid. The eyelid is an unusual site for a fungal infection. Note the erythematous scaly plaques.
Tinea corporis, eyelid. The eyelid is an unusual site for a fungal infection. Note the erythematous scaly plaques.

6. Tinea capitis. Here is a severe, persistent form of a tinea infection involving the scalp and resulting in considerable loss of hair. The hypopigmentation is due to the inflammation associated with this chronic infection.
Tinea capitis. Here is a severe, persistent form of a tinea infection involving the scalp and resulting in considerable loss of hair. The hypopigmentation is due to the inflammation associated with this chronic infection.

7. Candidiasis, scallp. This case represents a subcutaneous and cutaneous form of candidiasis with loss of hair.
Candidiasis, scallp. This case represents a subcutaneous and cutaneous form of candidiasis with loss of hair.

8. Candidiasis, tongue (Thrush)
Candidiasis, tongue (Thrush). The condition is characterized by white thick mucoid plaques which adhere to the tongue and mucosal surfaces, but can be easily scraped off for examination. These plaques can be confused with the lesions of oral hairy leukoplakia that cannot be easily scraped off the tongue. The physician should be alert to the possibility of HIV infection.s
Candidiasis, tongue (Thrush). The condition is characterized by white thick mucoid plaques which adhere to the tongue and mucosal surfaces, but can be easily scraped off for examination

9. Candidiasis, tongue. This condition may be one of the earliest signs of underlying immunodeficiency in a patient with HIV infection. A KOH smear of the scrapings reveals the characteristic hyphae of the yeast organism.
Candidiasis, tongue. This condition may be one of the earliest signs of underlying immunodeficiency in a patient with HIV infection. A KOH smear of the scrapings reveals the characteristic hyphae of the yeast organism

10. Tinea corporis, arm. This picture shows the classic appearance of what is commonly called "ringworm". Erythematous circinate plaques with scaly margins are typical.
Tinea corporis, arm. This picture shows the classic appearance of what is commonly called "ringworm". Erythematous circinate plaques with scaly margins are typical.

11. Tinea versicolor, neck and upper back
Tinea versicolor, neck and upper back. This chronic infection has resulted in the loss of pigmentation in the infected areas. Lesions become more evident as patients go in the sun.
Tinea versicolor, neck and upper back. This chronic infection has resulted in the loss of pigmentation in the infected areas. Lesions become more evident as patients go in the sun.

12. versicolor, shoulder. There is involvement of the supraclavicular region in this young female patient. These lesions tend to recur periodically once an individual has acquired this fungal infection.
Versicolor, shoulder. There is involvement of the supraclavicular region in this young female patient. These lesions tend to recur periodically once an individual has acquired this fungal infection.

13. Tinea corporis, neck. Here one sees scaly, slightly hyperpigmented plaques in a linear distribution.

14. Tinea corporis, axilla. Fungal infections in the axillary region are often scaly and itchy, and become ulcerated due to maceration.
Tinea corporis, axilla. Fungal infections in the axillary region are often scaly and itchy, and become ulcerated due to maceration.

15. Candidiasis, thigh. Note the marked erythematous plaques and the satellite papular lesions at the peripheral margins of the larger infected areas.
Candidiasis, thigh. Note the marked erythematous plaques and the satellite papular lesions at the peripheral margins of the larger infected areas

16. Candidiasis, thigh. Close-up.

17. Onychomycosis, toenails
Onychomycosis, toenails. Note the thinning and friable nature of the nails.
Onychomycosis, toenails. Note the thinning and friable nature of the nails.

18. Onychomycosis, toes with tinea pedis

19. Tinea pedis, foot. The redness and scaling typically seen with this condition extend over the toe web onto the toes.
Tinea pedis, foot. The redness and scaling typically seen with this condition extend over the toe web onto the toes.

20. Candidiasis, toenails. Marked thickening and discoloration, along with deformity of the toenail, are commonly seen in this condition.
Candidiasis, toenails. Marked thickening and discoloration, along with deformity of the toenail, are commonly seen in this condition.

21. Candidiasis, web of fingers
Candidiasis, web of fingers. Candida infections of the skin are often associated with cracking, scaliness and erythema.
Candidiasis, web of fingers. Candida infections of the skin are often associated with cracking, scaliness and erythema

22. Candida albicans, culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar
Candida albicans, culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Note the white color and smooth texture. Candida albicans is the yeast most frequently isolated from human infections.
Candida albicans, culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Note the white color and smooth texture. Candida albicans is the yeast most frequently isolated from human infections.

23. Candida albicans., direct microscopic examination of skin scrapings (KOH mount). Note the hyphae with buds and individual yeast cells, many with buds. The original magnification was about 400x. (Compare with the KOH mount of the dermatophytes.)
Candida albicans., direct microscopic examination of skin scrapings (KOH mount). Note the hyphae with buds and individual yeast cells, many with buds. The original magnification was about 400x. (Compare with the KOH mount of the dermatophytes.)

24. Trichophyton rubrum, culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar
Trichophyton rubrum, culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Note the white, wooly texture of this dermatophyte. It also produces a red or red‑brown pigment on the undersurface. Trichophyton rubrum causes about 80% of all the ringworm infections of the glabrous skin and nails in the United States.
Trichophyton rubrum, culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Note the white, wooly texture of this dermatophyte. It also produces a red or red‑brown pigment on the undersurface.

25. Direct microscopic examination of dermatophytes in skin scrapings (KOH mount). Note the thread‑like filaments which break into chains of spores (arthroconidia) in certain areas. Also note the lack of budding yeasts in this preparation. The original magnif ication was about 400x. (Compare with the KOH mount of Candida albicans.)
Direct microscopic examination of dermatophytes in skin scrapings (KOH mount). Note the thread‑like filaments which break into chains of spores (arthroconidia) in certain areas.

26. Malassezia furfur, skin scraping
Malassezia furfur, skin scraping. This was taken from a patient with tinea versicolor. Note the short hyphae and clusters of thickwalled cells. Malassezia furfur does not grow on Sabouraud dextrose agar.
Malassezia furfur, skin scraping. This was taken from a patient with tinea versicolor. Note the short hyphae and clusters of thickwalled cells. Malassezia furfur does not grow on Sabouraud dextrose agar.

27. Cryptococcus neoformans, skin biopsy
Cryptococcus neoformans, skin biopsy. Note the presence of yeast cells surrounded by a clear halo. This clear zone represents the space occupied by the thick capsule formed by the organism in tissue.
Cryptococcus neoformans, skin biopsy. Note the presence of yeast cells surrounded by a clear halo. This clear zone represents the space occupied by the thick capsule formed by the organism in tissue.

28. Histoplasma capsulatum, cell cytoplasm
Histoplasma capsulatum, cell cytoplasm. About eight of these tiny yeasts can be seen in the cytoplasm. The clear area surrounding each cell was erroneously thought to be a capsule It is actually an artifact induced by the fixation and staining procedures.
Histoplasma capsulatum, cell cytoplasm. About eight of these tiny yeasts can be seen in the cytoplasm.

29. Blastomyces dermatitidis, tissue
Blastomyces dermatitidis, tissue. Note the round yeasts with only a single bud. The original magnification was about 800x.
Blastomyces dermatitidis, tissue. Note the round yeasts with only a single bud.