1. Radar Waveforms Generation & Analysis Islamic University of GAZA (IUG)
Project:
Radar Waveforms Generation & Analysis
by Matlab
Prepared for:
Dr. Mohammed Ouda
Islamic University of GAZA (IUG)
Done By:
Jalal Al-Roumy
Akram Abu-Raida

2. * Outlines: Choice importance . Factors of choice. Classification.
Pulse shapes.
Major types.
Matlab Codes.
References.

3. * Why is waveform’s type so important?
The correct choice of waveform defines all the main characteristics of the radar as:
- Performance of target detection.
- Resolution (angular, range and frequency).
- Measurement ( range, velocity & error).
- Classification and recognition.

4. *Factors of the selection of a particular waveform :
Requirements of :
Range coverage.
Doppler coverage.
Detection probability.
Resolving capability.
Measurement errors.
Interference rejection.
Enhanced modes of operation.
Cost and complexity.

5. * waveform’s Classification :
Depends on the parameter chosen for classification :
Character of variation in time domain.
Usage of intra-pulse modulation or not.
Pulse compression type.
Frequency-coded waveforms types.
Phase-coded waveforms types.
Discretization.

6. * The most popular pulse shapes :
Sinusoidal.
Rectangular.
Gaussian.
Triangular.
Sawtooth.
Exponential.

7. * Pulse Shapes:

9. * Main Waveforms :

10. Advantages : 1- CW Waveforms : Eqn. : Et = E0 cosw0t.
Used: CW ,Doppler & Bistatic Radars.
Advantages :
Simplified design .
Low power.
Measure target velocity.
Disadvantages:
Need coding to determine range.
Tx & Rx separation at high power.

11. Generation: Active & Passive. Advantages : Disadvantages:
2- FMCW Waveforms :
Eqn. : f(t) = f0 + αt.
Used: In CW radars.
Generation: Active & Passive.
Advantages :
Less sensitive to doppler shifts.
Disadvantages:
Has range-doppler cross coupling -> measurement errors.
Range sidelobes are high -> weighting required -> 1-2 dB loss in SNR.

12. Eqn. : Et = E0 cosw0t. (for Ton), Et = 0 (for Toff).
3- Simple Pulse :
Eqn. : Et = E0 cosw0t. (for Ton), Et = 0 (for Toff).
Used: Old Radars, Inexpensive Radars.
Types: long & short.
Advantages :
Low cost.
Long: doppler resolution.
Short: range resolution.
Disadvantages:
Long: range resolution.
Short: doppler resolution.

13. Generation: Active & Passive. Advantages :
4- LFM Waveforms :
Eqn. : f(t) = f0 + αt.
Used: In pulse radars.
Generation: Active & Passive.
Advantages :
Less sensitive to doppler shifts.
The easiest to generate.
Disadvantages:
Has range-doppler cross coupling -> measurement errors.
Range sidelobes are high -> weighting required -> 1-2 dB loss in SNR.

14. Types: Symmetrical & Asymmetrical. Advantages :
5- NLFM Waveforms :
Eqn. :
Types: Symmetrical & Asymmetrical.
Advantages :
Very low range sidelobes.
For tracking systems.
Disadvantages:
Complex.
The limited developments.

15. 6- Phase-coded Waveforms :
Types : binary & polyphase.
Codes: Barker, P-codes.
Advantages :
low range sidelobes.
Preferred in jamming conditions.
Disadvantages:
Poor resolution in presence of distributed clutter.
The implementation is more complex than that of LFM.

17. * Matlab Code:

18. * CW Code:

19. * LFMCW Code:

20. * LFMCW Code:

21. * NLFM Code:

22. * Uncoded Pulse:

23. * References : Skolnik, Radar Handbook, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill, 1990.
Barton & Leonov, Radar Technology Encyclopedia, Artech House, 1998.
US Navy, Aviation Electricity And Electronics, NAVEDTRA
Mahafza & Elsherbeni, MATLAB Simulations for Radar Systems Design.
Levanon & Mozwson, Radar Signals.