1. Paragraphing Resource Bank

2. General rules One idea per paragraph Try to start with a topic sentence Space between paragraphs Avoid one-sentence paragraphs Using connectors (linking words) within and between paragraphs if necessary. Do not overuse them!

3. Structure Usually a paragraph has three sections: 1. Beginning - Introduce your idea. 2. Middle - Explain your idea. 3. Conclusion - a) Make your point again, b) transition to next paragraph.

4. Types of sentences (and their places in the paragraph structure) 1. Topic sentence: states the main idea, point, opinion. 2. Supporting sentences provide explanations, evidence and support for the topic sentence (main idea). 3. a) The concluding sentence restates the main idea and reinforces the point or opinion. b) The transitional sentence prepares the reader for the following paragraph.

5. Structure: sentence types Students require more recreational time in order to better focus on lessons in class. In fact, studies have shown that students who enjoy a recess of more than 45 minutes consistently score better on tests immediately following the recess period. Clinical analysis further suggests that physical exercise greatly improves the ability to focus on academic materials. Longer periods of recess are clearly required to allow students the best possible chances of success in their studies. Clearly, physical exercise is just one of the necessary ingredients for improving student scores on standardized tests.

6. Structure: sentence types (1) Students require more recreational time in order to better focus on lessons in class. (2) In fact, studies have shown that students who enjoy a recess of more than 45 minutes consistently score better on tests immediately following the recess period. Clinical analysis further suggests that physical exercise greatly improves the ability to focus on academic materials. (3/a) Longer periods of recess are clearly required to allow students the best possible chances of success in their studies. (3/b) Clearly, physical exercise is just one of the necessary ingredients for improving student scores on standardized tests.

7. Linking words and their functions RB, p. 78/V ADDITIONAL INFORMATION and, furthermore, moreover, in addition to, besides REASON because, due to, owing to, because of, since CONTRAST on the contrary, but, whereas, while, on the other hand PURPOSE so that, in order to RESULT/CONSEQUENCE therefore, thus, so, that's why, as a result, consequently GIVING EXAMPLE for instance, for example CONCESSION although, however, even though, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, yet

8. Solution RB: p. 79 (part 1) Tourism has become one of the world's biggest industries, which is illustrated by the fact that it accounts for 11% of global GDP and employs around 200 million people. In addition, estimates suggest that 590 million people travel abroad every year, sometimes several times, not only for holidays but also for business, and for personal, religious, or health reasons.

9. Solution RB: p. 79 (part 2) However, in an increasingly dangerous world, especially with an ever present threat of terrorist attack, people may not be willing to travel as much as they used to. For instance, after September 11th, there are fewer Americans travelling, which has been disastrous for some global tourist economies. In spite of all this, the travel industry usually recovers very quickly, but will this always be the case in the future?

10. Task Write a topic sentence for 2 of the questions on your handout (exercise III)

11. Choose the better topic sentence: 1. There are two parts to the definition of economic freedom. The Friedmans found economic freedom very important. 2. Flat and progressive taxes are different ways in which the government can tax people. The difference between flat, and progressive taxes is in the rate at which people with different incomes are being taxed.

12. Choose the better topic sentence: 3. Privatization means selling government property to private individuals. Governments privatize for three reasons: 4. The decline of manufacturing has been affecting Western industrialized countries in the past several decades. The decline of manufacturing worries people because it can lead to unemployment and a decreased economical importance of a country. The once important secondary sector is being replaced by the tertiary sector in many developed countries.

13. Why is the private sector uninterested in providing public goods? Topic sentence: Public goods are not provided by the private sector because companies cannot make a profit on them. Give evidence for this statement Non-rival, non-excludable Concluding sentence: It is difficult to make people pay for such goods and services, therefore, the private sector is uninterested in providing them.