2. Conjunctions And, but, or, for, nor, neither, so,yet

3. Introduction to a Topic As for, concerning, with regard to, in terms of

4. To Summarize In all, in a word, in brief, briefly, in other words, in short, in summary, that is, finally, generally, in conclusion, on the whole, therefore, to sum up, to conclude, and so, this shows, thus we see

5. To Compare By comparison, here again, in the same way, in a similar manner, likewise, similarly, so too, as, also, equally, accordingly, moreover, as well, and

6. To Contrast Conversely, however, instead (of), in spite of that, anyhow, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise, rather than, still, yet, nevertheless, in contrast, notwithstanding, in spite of this, although, but despite, even though

7. To Show Cause and Effect Accordingly, as a consequence, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, it follows that, so/so that, then, therefore, thus thereupon

8. To Explain Actually, admittedly, because, certainly, for example, in fact, indeed, really of course, since, that is, for instance, namely, specifically, such as, to illustrate, in particular, in this manner, thus

9. To Show Conviction After all, at least, at the same time, apparently, even so, evidently, certainly, conceivably, conclusively, doubtless, no doubt, perhaps, possibly, presumably, probably, surely, undoubtedly

10. To Show Various Conditions In this event, in these circumstances, this (that) being so, provided that, in spite of, none/nevertheless, at the same time, even if, if, unless, otherwise, although, even though, though, despite

11. To Add Information Add to this, again, also, besides, equally, further, furthermore, in addition, moreover, once more, then too, too, yet again, yet another, and, as well, beyond that, even, next, similarly

12. To Show Chorological Order After that, afterwards, later, shortly, subsequently, concurrently, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, now, simultaneously, when/while/was, first, second, et., formerly, earlier, previously, before that, then, already, at last, at length, by that time, finally, during, immediately, next, soon, still, in the interim, presently, at the same time, in the end, temporarily, thereafter

13. To Show Concession Admittedly, after all, all the same, at any rate, granted, however, in any case, in spite of, it is true that, nevertheless, obviously, of course, still, to be sure

14. Location Above, below, beyond, farther, further, here, hereby, opposite, there, to the left/right, under

19. Using Transitions Transitions should be effective, natural sounding, helpful and never distracting Transitions should be placed in a variety of different positions within paragraphs and sentences

20. The Deadly Trio Avoid: First, Second, Third

21. Solutions Ways around the deadly trio: First: – to begin, Initially Second: – next, in addition Third: – also, finally

23. Level 1 Change topics, ideas, or purposes without transitions.

24. Level 1 The boy’s fists curled into a ball, and he stepped toward Henry. Everybody in the hall stopped. Henry’s eyes glazed over with fear; he had been in this position before. Bullying has got to stop in order for our school systems to become safer places where all students can learn.

26. Level 2 Level 2 writers always put them in the front of sentences

28. Level 3 Level 3 writers move transitions into a variety of spots to improve sentence fluency

29. Compare: First, we baked cookies. Baking cookies was our first activity Friday night.

31. Level 4 Level 4 writers experiment with other types of transitions, such as repetition or grammatical structure These are mixed in with traditional transitions

32. Find the Hidden Transition Taken from Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” Speech: I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. And some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality.

33. Find the Transition Taken from John F. Kennedy’s “Inaugural Address” In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibility -- I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it. And the glow from that fire can truly light the world. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.

34. Overview Level 2: Move beyond first, second, and third – Use a variety of simple transitions Level 3: Use a wider variety of transitions – Begin to rearrange transitions by moving them away from the front of the sentence. Level 4: Thoughtfully consider organization with repetition, grammatical structure, and transitions mixed. – This helps improve the smoothness and fluency of paragraph.

35. Overview Level 2: Move beyond first, second, and third – Use a variety of simple transitions Level 3: Use a wider variety of transitions – Begin to rearrange transitions by moving them away from the front of the sentence. Level 4: Thoughtfully consider organization with repetition, grammatical structure, and transitions mixed. – This helps improve the smoothness and fluency of paragraph.