2.  Wandering musicians  Versatile entertainers  Sang  Danced  Juggled  Tricks  Animal acts  Plays

3.  News and gossip  Also called jongleurs and jongleuresses

4.  Poet-musicians  Resided in courts  Had members from all walks of life including nobility  Caled Minnesingers in Germany

5.  Love songs  War songs  Political songs  Laments  Dance songs  Unrequited love

6.  Start of the 14 th century  Started in France, spread to Italy  Rise of secularism  Developed meter, harmony, and counterpoint

7.  French  Cleric  Active in the court of the King of Bohemia and King of France  Wrote the first complete setting of the Mass

8.  Means: songs  Utilizes different forms  Based on text forms

9.  Original focus on vocal music  Early prominence in dance music  Rarely written down  Usually improvised

10.  Divided into categories of loud and soft