1. Theme A Modernisation and Transformation in Twentieth-Century Asia (3) (ii) Southeast Asia: from colonies to independent countries Hong Kong Association of History Educators St. Catharine’s School For Girls, Kwun Tong Lam Mei Yee, Maggie

2. Issue: What is the focus in teaching Southeast Asian history?

3. Modernisation and Transformation of Japan and Southeast Asia Japan Southeast Asia: from colonies to independent countries

4. (1) Description of the general situation of Southeast Asia in the first half of the 20th century, focusing on the impact of western colonisation of the region

5. The White Man’s Burden

6. Colonial PowersColonies in Southeast Asia The USAThe Philippines BritainBurma Malaya Singapore FranceIndochina (Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos) The NetherlandsDutch East Indies (Indonesia) Colonial Powers and Colonies in Southeast Asia

7. Conditions in Southeast Asia during WWII

8. People of the Southern Region

10. (2) Reasons for decolonisation of Southeast Asian countries  Internal reasons  External reasons

11. How much do students know about the independence movements in Southeast Asia?  Are they required to depict the independence movements in Southeast Asia one by one?

12. (3) Major Patterns of Independence Movements  Different methods in achieving independence  Main features of post-colonial developments

13. Different Methods of Independence Movements  Through armed struggle (French Indochina & Dutch East Indies)  Setting up of an autonomous government (Burma & Malaya)  Setting up of a caretaker government (The Philippines)

14. Means in Achieving Independence  Violent means (French Indochina and Dutch East Indies)  Peaceful means (Burma, Malaya and the Philippines)

15. Main features of post-colonial developments  Internal and external developments of Southeast Asia in general  Relationship and link with other countries, (i.e. Japan, Southeast Asian countries)

16. Source : http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/11/sse/ht11sse.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/11/sse/ht11sse.htm General Conditions of Colonies in Southeast Asia

17. The Evolution of the ASEAN The Trend towards Regional Cooperation The Broad Trend of Global Cooperation

18. 1961 --- ASA 1963 --- The Maphilindo 1967 --- ASEAN 1955 --- SEATO

19. Source: http://www.ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logo_ASEANhttp://www.ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logo_ASEAN Logo of ASEAN

20. Source: http://www.asean.or.jp/general/publishhttp://www.asean.or.jp/general/publish

21. Source: http://www.33ff.com/my_resources/ASEAN_maps/asean_images/image13.htmhttp://www.33ff.com/my_resources/ASEAN_maps/asean_images/image13.htm ASEAN Map

22. http:// Source: http://www.caglepost.com/cartoon/Paresh+Nath/44080/Skeleton+in+ASEAN+closet.html Skeleton in ASEAN Closet

23. What is the cartoonist’s attitude towards the Treaty of Amity? Source: http://www.nicholsoncartoons.com.au/cartoon_3216.htmlhttp://www.nicholsoncartoons.com.au/cartoon_3216.html

24. The Trend towards Regional Cooperation  Neutrality from 1967-75 1971 --- Issued the Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality Declaration

25. The Trend towards Regional Cooperation (Cont’d)  Active participation in regional affairs from 1976 onwards --- 1976 Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia (economic cooperation) --- Joint military rehearsals and exchanges of military intelligence (military cooperation) ---1991 ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA)

26. The Broad Trend of Global Cooperation  1989 --- The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)  1994 --- The ASEAN Regional Forum (AFR)

27. Source: http://www.answers.com/topic/asia-pacific-economic- cooperation

28. Comparison between HKCE History and HKDSE History HKCEHKDSE The “result of western colonisation of Southeast Asia” was one of the reasons leading to decolonisation in Southeast Asia. There will be an emphasis on the “legacy of Western colonialism”. There is no need to examine the “main features of post-colonial developments”. There will be an emphasis on the “main features of post- colonial developments”. This component forms a part in both data-based questions and essay-type questions. This component will only be examined in Paper 2, i.e. essay- type questions.