2. Characteristics  Difficulty identifying words and their meanings  Difficulty extending the meaning of words (association)  Limited vocabulary  Difficulty processing sentence structure  Difficulty processing the density of the content of messages

3. Stop & Jot: Based on the characteristics, which students come to mind?

4. How does it manifest in the classroom? Classroom Strategies  Difficulty retaining new information  Use pictures, flash cards, and repetitions emphasizing important words by increasing volume of voice to highlight important words.  Rehearse and continue to practice skills from previous lessons.  Pre-teach vocabulary and concepts.  Categorize words/concepts based on relationships.  Chunk lesson content; summarize after each chunk.  Use mnemonic phrase to help students remember key information.

5. How does it manifest in the classroom? Classroom Strategies  Unable to follow directions  Give step-by-step instructions.  Use shortened commands.  Clarify and check for understanding.  Use repetition.  Use visuals of directions to which students may refer as needed.  Give students freedom to walk up to the board and copy them down.

6. How does it manifest in the classroom? Classroom Strategies  Difficulty answering questions  When reading stories, provide pictures and put emphasis on important words.  Read questions before reading the text.  Use marginal notes.  Clarify what questions are being asked.  Highlight or underline key points.  Use tiered questions that lead to more complex questions.  Scaffold student response.

7. How does it manifest in the classroom? Classroom Strategies  Unable to perform classroom tasks, such as writing to dictation or taking notes  Chart important information.  Count words in the sentence before writing.  Dictate in short phrases.  Use cloze activities or sentence frames.  Utilize Powerpoint/Keynote presentations and provide a copy of slides, teacher’s notes, or notes from other students.  Assign a note-taking buddy.  Teach key vocabulary.  Have students brainstorm by drawing or sketching. Then ask them to label it before writing.  Use visual supports, such as pictures or diagrams.

8. How does it manifest in the classroom? Classroom Strategies  Poor analysis of texts requiring inferential reasoning, cause and effect, and predicting logical outcomes  Use charting and graphic organizers (e.g., What information is given? What do I know from experience? What are my deductions, predictions, and inferences?).  Scaffold processes through teacher think-alouds or student modeling.  Relate new information to personal experiences.  Use more pictures.  Emphasize use of picture cues with text.  Picture walk through new book or text prior to reading.

9. How does it manifest in the classroom? Classroom Strategies  Limited vocabulary; unable to identify relationships between words  Use Compare and Contrast activities.  Use Frayer Model for critical concept vocabulary (definition, characteristics, examples, and non- examples).  Use Venn Diagrams and graphic organizers.  Work on categorizing activities or games.  Build picture dictionaries or personal word books.  Use visual or kinesthetic prompts for new vocabulary.  Act it out and map it (synonym, antonym, illustration/charade and sentence).  Build on word parts (root words, prefixes, and suffixes).

10. Turn & Talk: * Which strategies have you tried and found successful? * Name a new strategy that you’d like to try on!