1. Yuki Fukumuro Kenichiro Ito Hidefumi Ishiwata Takashi Watanabe Kaname Tanaka Kensuke Kuwajima

2. Tit for Tat the English saying meaning "equivalent retaliation" the English saying meaning "equivalent retaliation" we cooperate at the outset, but retaliate when cooperation breaks down. we cooperate at the outset, but retaliate when cooperation breaks down. Conflict becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. Conflict becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy.

3. Us vs. Them We tend to identify ourselves at a group (eg. Americans, Bankers, etc.) We tend to identify ourselves at a group (eg. Americans, Bankers, etc.) But when fear dominates our mind, the idea of “us versus them” takes over But when fear dominates our mind, the idea of “us versus them” takes over

4. The Current World “Ever-present threat and reality of war” “Ever-present threat and reality of war” “Interconnected in an unprecedented way” “Interconnected in an unprecedented way” “Sheer Complexity” “Sheer Complexity” A great threat to global cooperation… A great threat to global cooperation…

5. Is Global Cooperation Possible? Hopeful Hopeful ' Our problems are manmade - therefore, they can be solved by man.` ' Our problems are manmade - therefore, they can be solved by man.` Kennedy Kennedy Bleak Bleak We are vulnerable to the allure of war to solve problems We are vulnerable to the allure of war to solve problems Our species is drawn to it like moths to a flame Our species is drawn to it like moths to a flame

6. Quotations (Hopeful) “Our problems are manmade - therefore, they can be solved by man.” “Our problems are manmade - therefore, they can be solved by man.” multi-faceted identity is the road to peace multi-faceted identity is the road to peace

7. Quotations (Bleak) Our species is drawn to it like moths to a flame (Guns of August (1914)) Our species is drawn to it like moths to a flame (Guns of August (1914)) we are vulnerable to the allure of war to solve problems we are vulnerable to the allure of war to solve problems

8. Events Foreseeing a Bleak Future 9/11 9/11 "retaliate" though in Iraq, which was not party to the attack "retaliate" though in Iraq, which was not party to the attack Cooperation collapses Cooperation collapses "us" versus "them." "us" versus "them." Utterly neglect the very goals that we have set ourselves for the new millennium Utterly neglect the very goals that we have set ourselves for the new millennium

9. Events Foreseeing a Hopeful Future London Bombing London Bombing calm appeal by all leaders for mutual respect calm appeal by all leaders for mutual respect attention to the shared fate of the country's various ethnic communities attention to the shared fate of the country's various ethnic communities open society, tolerance, and democratic self rule. open society, tolerance, and democratic self rule.

10. Hopeful Future Conquer the dark human nature to attempt solving problems through wars Conquer the dark human nature to attempt solving problems through wars Spend more effort into the real problems that humans ought to overcome (eg. Climate change, biodiversity, etc.) Spend more effort into the real problems that humans ought to overcome (eg. Climate change, biodiversity, etc.) “Peace is a Process!”

11. Bleak Future War is inevitable War is inevitable The deepest skepticism, it seems, is about our very ability to cooperate The deepest skepticism, it seems, is about our very ability to cooperate

12. The End