1. Ch.18 Review Mr. Dzicek U.S. History 11

2. Terms & People to Know Imperialism- the policy by which strong nations extend their political, military, and economic control over weaker territories. Extractive Economies- an imperial country extracts (removes) raw materials from a colony it occupies.

3. Terms & People to Know Alfred T. Mahan- military historian; author of the Influence of Sea Power Upon History. Social Darwinism- belief that life consists of competitive struggles in which only the fittest survive. Frederick Jackson Turner- historian who noted that the western frontier has been closed.

4. Terms & People to Know Matthew Perry- sailed a fleet of American warships into Japan. Opened up trade. William Seward- Sec. of State under Lincoln and Johnson. Bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million. Queen Liliuokalani- Hawaiian nationalist who was overthrown by American sugar plantation owners with the backing of the U.S. government.

5. Terms & People to Know Jose Marti- Cuban who led the rebel forces against Spanish rule (Cuba Libre) William Randolph Hearst- owned the New York Journal. Used Yellow Press to sensationalize war cause. Yellow Press- publications that sensationalized the news.

6. Terms & People to Know Jingoism- aggressive nationalism (Jingoes- clamored for war with Spain) De Lome letter- published in the New York Journal; it criticized president McKinley; angered Americans. George Dewey- led American fleet into Manila Bay (Philippines) and crushed the Spanish warships. Teller Amendment (1898)- Prevented the U.S. from taking Cuba after freeing it from Spanish rule.

7. Terms & People to Know Emiliano Aguinaldo- Filipino nationalist who led the rebels against the Spanish and eventually the Americans. Rough Riders- volunteer cavalry unit led by Teddy Roosevelt. Treaty of Paris- ended the Spanish-American war. U.S. obtains Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam. Philippines was sold to the U.S. for $20 million.

8. Terms & People to Know Insurrection- rebellion or uprising Guerilla Warfare- non-traditional warfare; sneak attacks, small bands of fighters. William Howard Taft- became governor of the Philippines. Jones Act (1916)- pledged that the Philippines would gain their independence.

9. Terms & People to Know Spheres of influence- areas where a certain country has privileged access to. John Hay- U.S. Sec. of State. Advocated for an Open-Door Policy regarding China (free trade) Boxer Rebellion- 1900 rebellion of Chinese nationalists against foreign colonial powers. It was crushed.

10. Terms & People to Know Russo-Japanese War (1905)- war between Russia and Japan over territory in Manchuria (a region in China near the Russian border). “Gentlemen’s Agreement”- between Japan and the U.S. Stated that the U.S. would end segregation in schools if Japan limited emigration to the U.S.

11. Terms & People to Know Great White Fleet- fleet of 16 white battleships sent around the world by T.R. to demonstrate U.S. military power. Foraker Act (1900)- established a civil government in Puerto Rico. U.S. pres. would appoint governor and some members of legislature. Puerto Ricans would elect the rest of the legislature. Jones-Shafroth Act (1917)- signed by Wilson. Granted more citizenship rights and gave Puerto Ricans more control over their government.

12. Terms & People to Know Platt Amendment- Restricted rights of Cubans. Brought the island into the U.S. sphere. Cubans needed U.S. approval to sign treaties. Required Cuba to lease naval stations to the U.S. “Big Stick” Diplomacy- notion that U.S. should be aggressive during the Age of Imperialism. Had a moral responsibility to civilize weaker nations.

13. Terms & People to Know Roosevelt Corollary- The U.S. would intervene in Latin America should any foreign power try to colonize the area. “Dollar Diplomacy”- idea of increasing American investments in businesses and banks throughout Central America and the Caribbean. “Moral Diplomacy”- idea of promoting human rights, national integrity and opportunity around the world.

14. Terms & People to Know Porfirio Diaz- Mexican dictator who was overthrown in 1911. Francisco Madero- led the revolution against Diaz. Was not a good leader and was eventually executed by Victoriano Huerta. Venustiano Carranza- Toppled Huerta and took over the presidency with the help of Woodrow Wilson sending troops.

15. Terms & People to Know Francisco “Pancho” Villa- rebel who led forces against Carranza’s government. Was targeted by president Wilson.

16. Questions to Consider What were some of the steps the United States took to becoming a world power? (sec.1) Why was Perry’s arrival in Japan important? (sec.1) What were some of the motives for American imperialism? Which do you think were the most important? (sec.1)

17. Questions to Consider What were the causes and effects of the Spanish-American War? (sec.2) What role did the press play regarding the USS Maine explosion? (sec.2) What were the pro and anti-imperialist arguments regarding the Philippines? (sec.2)

18. Questions to Consider What were the causes and consequences of the Philippine insurrection? What were the effects of the Open Door Policy? Explain the various ways that the United States dealt with the rising power of Japan.

19. Questions to Consider Explain what happened to Puerto Rico and Cuba after the Spanish-American War. What were the effects of Roosevelt’s “big-stick” diplomacy? Compare “moral diplomacy” with “dollar diplomacy” and “big-stick diplomacy.”

20. Questions to Consider What actions did the United States take to achieve its goals in Latin America?

21. The BIG Question How did the United States become a global power?