1. Max Protect – Max Efficiency Engineers Design Guide to Large UPS C. Mayo Tabb Jr. Senior, 3-phase Regional Manager June 2014

2. Customers want both: Efficiency without Compromising Availability DCUG Spring 2014 Survey Results Efficiency Protect

3. Capacity & Efficiency Source: Uptime Institute / 2012 Symposium 3 Capacity & Efficiency driving data center change

4. Max Protect-Max Efficiency Max Protect-Max Efficiency Max Protect – Availability of power to load is top priority – Data is unique and cannot be recovered – Initial cost and operating cost are secondary – Configuration and batteries are equally important – Tier3 & 4 where every chance of failure must be eliminated – Typically wet cells or 20 year VRLA battery Max Efficiency – Initial cost and operating cost are top priority – Data can be recovered or process repeated – Availability are secondary – Site and configuration redundancy Designed to tolerate a failure – Typically 5/10 year VRLA battery

5. Emerson Network Power Max Protection and Max Efficiency UPS Emerson Network Power Max Protection and Max Efficiency UPS Capacity, kVA 200800 3phase In / 3phase Out 250, 300, 400kVA 500, 625, 750, 800, 900, 1100kVA Liebert NXL 225, 250, 300kVA 1200 Eco-Mode, Intelligent Paralleling SMS, 1+N, N+1 Eco-Mode, Capacity on Demand (Softscale) SMS, 1+N Liebert NX Liebert eXL 625, 750, 800 kVA SMS Eco-Mode, Capacity on Demand (Softscale) 400, 500, 600kVA Maximum Efficiency Maximum Protection 1200 kVA 1600 kVA March 2014 June 2014

6. What fails What saves Keep the load up Isolation “An isolation transformer hides many rectifier and inverter sins” “A transformer increases cost, footprint and lowers efficiency” System Availability UPS Design Engineer’s Quote System Availability UPS Design Engineer’s Quote

7. CharacteristicTransformer-Free Max Efficiency Transformer-Based AIC 65k,100k65k,100k or 150k Paralleling1+N, (1+N &N+1)1+N, N+1 PDU Start/bolted short Input / DC / Output Isolation Alarm on Acid leak Voltages 480v,HRG480v,600v,HRG Opt. Weight / Size Efficiency – double conversion/eco-mode 95-97% / 98%92-94% / 98% Agency Listing UL1778 4 th Edition, OSHPD,FCC 7 Transformer and Transformer-Free UPS Liebert Products NX - eXL NXL Max Protect

8. 1125kVA/1125kW Liebert NXL Enterprise-Scale UPS Protection for Medium/Large Data Centers 250kVA/225kW 480/575/600VAC 300kVA/270kW 480/575/600VAC 400kVA/360kW 480/575/600VAC 500kVA/450kW 480VAC 625kVA/625kW 480/575/600VAC 750kVA/675kW 480/575/600VAC 800kVA/800kW 480VAC 1100kVA/1100kW 480/575/600VAC Greater than 1,348 units under warranty and service contract, 24,683,136 Hrs. MTBF = 6,170,784 Hrs.* Best field MTBF of any Liebert UPS 4 times improvement over Legacy UPS Greater than 1,348 units under warranty and service contract, 24,683,136 Hrs. MTBF = 6,170,784 Hrs.* Best field MTBF of any Liebert UPS 4 times improvement over Legacy UPS Units in Blue provide DC isolation 1100kVA/1100kW

9. Transformer -Based Monolithic Constructio n Maximum Protection UPS System Liebert NXL Ratings to 1100kVA/kW Transformer-based – 600v without add-on transformers on DC isolation versions Efficiency – 94+% Dual Conversion – 98+% Active Inverter Intelligent Ecomode – System level Intelligent Paralleling NXL800 Rectifier

10. Liebert NXL Industry Leading Performance Leading Power Factor Capability Handles Faults High, Flat Efficiency Curve Superior Stack up Performance User Friendly DSP Controls UL STD. 1778 4 TH Edition

11. Intelligent EcoMode – Increases efficiency by running the bypass in parallel with the inverter. – If poor quality AC detected, switches to full dual conversion mode 11 Bypass AC Input Rectifier AC Input Rectifier Inverter Static Switch Battery Bypass AC Input Rectifier AC Input Rectifier Inverter Static Switch Battery Double Conversion Operation Intelligent EcoMode Bypass source is monitored Inverter in on Inverter matches bypass Load harmonics profiled Efficiency gain Liebert NXL High Efficiency Modes of Operation, “Intelligent EcoMode” Outage Transfer

12. NXL,NX,eXL Configurations System Level Static Switch and Controls Cost Effective Design Highest MTBF Design Distributed Bypass (1+N) NXL,Nx,eXL Centralized Static Switch (N+1) NXL,eXL Single Module System (SMS) NXL,NX,eXL Product Line Scope SS RI RI RI BB SS RI BB RI RI RI

13. 13  3200-5000 amp Continuous-duty Static Switch SCCC  1000% Overload rating  De-rates at 1600,2000,2500,3000 amps but costly  N+1 UL-1558 & UL-891 to 200 kaic  1+N UL-15558 &UL-891 to 100 kaic ASCO 1+N (Distributed Static Switch) N+1 (Central Static Switch) NXL and eXL share N+1 SCCC Slightly more reliabl e Slightly less costly

14. 225kVA/225kW 480V (Fixed Capacity or SoftScale to 300 kVA/kW) 250kVA/250kW 480V (Fixed Capacity or SoftScale to 300 kVA/kW) 300kVA/300kW 480V (Fixed Capacity ) Best price point 400kVA/400kW 480V (Fixed Capacity or SoftScale to 600 kVA/kW) 500kVA/500kW 480V (Fixed Capacity or SoftScale to 600 kVA/kW) 600kVA/600kW 480V (Fixed Capacity ) Best price point 14 Liebert NX, Transformer-free UPS System 8500 units installed in Europe since 2007

15. Liebert NX, Large Transformer-free System Transformer-free, 480 Volt, 3-wire design Unity PF rating, kW = kVA Leading/Lagging PF load support Configurations:  Single-module systems  Parallel 1+N systems, to 6 Modules  Dual bus systems  Common Battery option for 2 modules 95% efficient in dual conversion 98-99% efficient in eco-mode High overload capability (125 %10 min, 150% 1 min) High power density / small footprint UL 1778 Edition 4 listed Liebert Service coverage/capability Life.net automatic “call home” monitoring Field mtbf 1.2M hours,8500 installed since 2007 by European methodology OSPHD tested 15

16. Liebert NX600 Dual or single input; optional input CB 16 Input Jumpers For single input

17. 100 kAIC Withstand Rating Fuses provide a 100 kAIC withstand rating. 3 wire +G input/output only – no 4 wire 17 NX600 starting 800kVA PDU w SS pulse NX600 starting 800kVA PDU w SS pulse NX600 3phase bolted fault w/o bypass –unit kept running after breaker opened No output breaker or option for one Unit will always be with external MBC MIB or MOB/IOB provides disconnect No output breaker or option for one Unit will always be with external MBC MIB or MOB/IOB provides disconnect Input fuses

18. S610 450/500 798 amps input NXL 450/500 804 amps input NX600 761 amps input Combined effect of efficiency and advanced PWM rectifier optimized to VRLA Batteries 25% battery recharge obsolete 10x recharge rate obsolete – 20X VRLA batteries life is shortened if fast recharge – 5% is typical max NX600 Technical Data

19. Max Efficiency Liebert eXL UPS! Max Efficiency Liebert eXL UPS!  Pushing Double Conversion Efficiency to 97%  Leading power factor loads without de-rating - 0.7 leading to 0.7 lagging

20. 2 level vs 3 Level 20 NPC2 NPC1 2 Level

21. 2L, Legacy, NX, Powerware 9395, MGE G7K – 94-95% NPC1, APL, APM, Mitsubishi <250kVA, -95-96% NPC2, eXL, Mitsubishi >250kVA, GE – 96-97% IGBT Losses Switching Frequency Inverter Topology Comparison 400VAC 2L, NPC1, and NPC2 21

22. UPS System Efficiencies Efficiency Load Liebert eXL Active Inverter Intelligent EcoMode* Liebert eXL Dual Conversion** *Current Estimate **Subject to upward revision

23. Liebert eXL Input section 23 AC Input DC input Draw out logic and customer options Fuse protected 100kaic SCCR

24. EXL800 Dual 400kW cores 24 Boast Charger Phases A,B,C Draw-out for ease of service Core inductors 8 IGBT packs per phase/core

25. eXL Output and Static switch eXL Output and Static switch 25 Static switch SCR Output Bypass input Output and BFB breakers

26. High Efficiency is increasingly effected by fan losses – Fan kW are a larger portion of total losses at higher efficiency 4 x 600 cfm ball bearing 50,000 hour fans per core Fan failure is alarmed via tack signal from fan Shutdown/bypass determined by temperature 100% load – 35 degrees C at 800 kW – Continuous operation requires all fans Up to 90% load- 35 degrees C at 800 kW – Continuous operation with one failed fan Above 90% load Operates until temperature bypass/shutdown on failed fan EXL800 Cooling design for maximum efficiency

27. 27 UPS DC Systems Remember the battery It is responsible for half the load losses!

28. Battery Life Comparison eXL800 * Replacement cost at 75% in year 4-5, 8-10 etc. * * BatteryTechnologyMinutesWarrantyLifeCost 4x HR540VRLA63 yr3-5 yr$87k 4x HX5500VRLA53 yr3-5 yr$87k 4x XE-95Pure lead32 yr2-4 yr$102k 5x XE-95Pure lead65 yr5-6 yr$127k 5x HR7500VRLA174 yr4-6 yr$150k 4x HX925VRLA163 yr3-6 yr$156k AVR95-33VRLA - stack65+1512-15 yr$176k DXC-23 sanwet 1.250153+1712-18 yr$178k DXC-27 polyWet 1.215153+1712-18 yr$237k AVR4100VRLA - stack275+1512-15 yr$253k 5x Li-onLiFeMgPO4610 yr10+ yr$311k

29. Alber – individual cell monitoring

30. Impedance Trend Resistance Trend The Difference – Early Detection of Failures Typically, internal resistance increases slowly over time and use Early detection allows for cell replacement to avoid load loss AC impedance testing will detect a bad cell Only when very close in time to when the cell is failing or has failed

31. Why is it 4 years for a 10 year VRLA? 10 year design life in telecom float test – 24 cells16 amps for 8 hours versus 240 cells 450 amps for 5 minutes – Warranty – 3 years full+7 years pro-rata Year 4 – 2%x240 cells=5 cells – One fails every 2-3 months for 1 string – For two strings one every month – For 4 strings one every two weeks - 5 cells between 90 day PM’s – IT will barely tolerate this number of service calls Year 5 – 15%x240 cells=36 cells – One fails every 10 days for 1 string – For two strings one every 5 days – For 4 strings one fails every 2 days – 36 cells between 90 day PM’s – IT will Not tolerate this number of service calls How many cell failures before replacement ?

32. Liebert Battery Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) Study Battery Maintenance (No Monitoring) Experience: High reliability 2010* Study based on batteries under Liebert contract from battery strings with a total of 9.5 million run hours prior to the end of their expected service life. *Updated 2013 Alber On-site Experience: Significantly longer runtime before a failure Ntegrated Monitoring Experience: No outages due to bad batteries 0 Integrating remote and on-site service: Remote Service – Centralized Technicians On-Site Service – Field Technician Monthly PM’s (1 on site / 11 Alber Monitoring)

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