1. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, PART 2 Information-Processing Perspectives Information-processing theory of cognition or cognitive development: framework for understanding cognition that is built on a set of assumptions about how humans acquire and use information. Hardware Software

2. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, PART 2 Information-Processing Perspectives Limited capacity – assumption that there are constraints on: 1. How much information we can think about at any one time, 2. How long we can hold information in mind before it is lost, and 3. How quickly we can process information.

3. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, PART 2 Information-Processing Perspectives Information Flow & the Store Model Sensory Register : first information- processing store. Stimuli briefly noticed.

4. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, PART 2 Information-Processing Perspectives Information Flow & the Store Model Working or Short-term Memory: second information-processing store. Stimuli are retained for several seconds and operated upon.

5. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, PART 2 Information-Processing Perspectives Information Flow & the Store Model Sensory Register: first information- processing store. Stimuli briefly noticed. Working or Short-term Memory: second information-processing store. Stimuli are retained for several seconds and operated upon. Long-term Memory: third information-processing store, goes to permanent store for later use.

6. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, PART 2 Information-Processing Perspectives

7. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, PART 2 Information-Processing Perspectives Central Executive Control:

8. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, PART 2 Information-Processing Perspectives

9. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, PART 2 Development of Attention: 1.Changes 2.Planful attentional strategies

10. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, PART 2 Development of Attention: 1.Changes 2.Planful attentional strategies 3.Selective attention 4.Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder

11. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, PART 2 Development of Attention: 4.Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder a.Inattention b.Impulsivity/Behav. Disinhibition c.Hyperactivity d.Deficient Rule-Governed Behavior e.High Variability in Task Performance

12. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, PART 2 Development of Attention: 4.Helping ADHD kids thrive Rules and instructions need to be: Presented prior to situation Clear Brief Visually backed up Presented one-on-one with eye contact

13. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, PART 2 Brain scan images produced by positron emision tomography (PET) show differences between an adult with ADHD (right) and an adult without the disease (left).

14. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, PART 2 Basic definitions of Memory: Event memory Autobiographical memory Strategic memory Mnemonics

15. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, PART 2 Memory in Infants 1.Recognizing caregivers 2.Reinforcement with a Mobile

16. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, PART 2 Memory in Children 1.Working Memory

17. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, PART 2

18. Memory in Children 1.Working Memory 2.Long Term Memory (General) 3.Children’s Long Term Autobiographical Memory Toddler’s memory skills Infantile amnesia Children’s Eyewitness Testimony

19. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, PART 2 Children as Eyewitnesses

20. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, PART 2 Development of Memory Strategies 1.Rehearsal 2.Organization 3.Elaboration 4.Retrieval

21. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, PART 2 Processing Strategies: 1.Production & Utilization Deficiencies 2.Multiple & Variable-Strategy Use

22. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, PART 2 Why Does Memory Improve with Age? Working memory capacity Memory strategies Metamemory Knowledge base