1. Fascism Rises in Europe

2. Characteristics of Fascism Extreme Nationalism – the state over the individual Indoctrination Secret Police Authoritarian Supported by –Middle class –Industrialists –Military –workers

3. What factors led to the rise of fascism in Italy? Perceived betrayal at the Paris Peace Conference Rising inflation Unemployment Social unrest Fear of communism

4. How did Hitler maintain power? Keeping Control of Germany Nazis controlled and censored the radio and newspapers School children were indoctrinated with Nazi ideas at school Hitler Youth Popularity Ripping up the Treaty of Versailles Creating Jobs Mass rallies, posters and propaganda films The Terror State Propaganda Secret police called the Gestapo would spy on and arrest enemies of the state SS were responsible for running the concentration camps Everyone was scared of being arrested by the Gestapo and put into a concentration camp

5. Enemies of the State Communists Social Democrats Jews Trade Unionists. Work Shy Homosexuals Gypsies Intellectuals The handicapped

6. Enemies of the State A list of German women who were still purchasing goods from Jewish shops. Printed to scare or terrorise other people into not buying from the Jews.

7. How did a terror state work? Fear Gestapo spies inform on you You are woken up by the Gestapo at 1 am and told you have 5 minutes to pack You are arrested and thrown into a cell at the police station Days or weeks later you are interviewed and asked to sign form D11 By signing the form you are giving your consent to be put into a concentration camp You are handed over to the SS who run the concentration camps You are imprisoned for up to six months doing hard physical labor When you are released you tell everyone what happened to you. “Terror is the best political weapon for nothing drives people harder than a fear of sudden death.”

8. How did the terror state work? Everyone knew someone who knew someone else who had been in a concentration camp. 800,000 Germans were imprisoned from 1933 – 1945 as ‘Enemies of the State.’ 500,000 were executed by being shot in the neck.

9. Why did the leadership of many eastern European nations fall to dictators? Lacked experience with democracy Economic problems and social unrest led these countries to question the ability of a democratic government to solve their problems Looked for a strong leader to provide stability

10. Why did people like Hitler and Mussolini come to power during a period of crisis? Hitler and Mussolini blamed others for the country’s problems and offered simple solutions

11. Why did Hitler have children join the Nazi organization? They were impressionable They would create a future generation of followers

12. What emotions did Hitler and Mussolini stir in their followers? Fear of outsiders Pride Loyalty Patriotism