1. SOUNDS AND RHYTHM IN POETRY

2. AUDIBLE SOUNDS Onomatopoeia (16) – use of a word that resembles the sound it denotes Quack, buzz, rattle, bang, squeak, bowwow, burp, choo-choo Alliteration (14) – repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of nearby words “Sally sold sea shells at the sea shore” Assonance (14) – repetition of the same vowel sound in nearby words. Vowel sounds are usually part of the naturally stressed syllable of a word. asl ee p under a tr ee T i me and t i de h au nt and awe some e ach e vening

3. AUDIBLE SOUNDS Euphony (16) – lines that are musically pleasant to the ear and smooth Cacophony (14) – lines that are discordant and difficult to pronounce

4. AUDIBLE SOUNDS “Player Piano” by John Updike My stick fingers click with a snicker And, chuckling, they knuckle the keys; Light footed, my steel feelers flicker And pluck from these keys melodies. My paper can caper; abandon Is broadcast by dint of my din, And no man or band has a hand in The tones I turn on from within. At times I'm a jumble of rumbles, At others I'm light like the moon, But never my numb plunker fumbles, Misstrums me, or tries a new tune.

5. AUDIBLE SOUNDS “Blackberry Eating” by Galway Kinnell I love to go out in late September among the fat, overripe, icy, black blackberries to eat blackberries for breakfast, the stalks very prickly, a penalty they earn for knowing the black art of blackberry-making; and as I stand among them lifting the stalks to my mouth, the ripest berries fall almost unbidden to my tongue, as words sometimes do, certain peculiar words like strengths or squinched, many-lettered, one-syllabled lumps, which I squeeze, squinch open, and splurge well in the silent, startled, icy, black language of blackberry -- eating in late September.

6. RHYME Rhyme (26) – two or more words or phrases that repeat the same sounds Sound Rhymes – vain, reign, rain Eye rhymes – bough, cough, or brow, blow End Rhyme (25) – rhyme that comes at the end of a line of poetry (most common) Internal rhyme (26) – rhymed words within a line of poetry “Diving and gliding and sliding” – from “The Cataract of Lodore”

7. RHYME Masculine Rhyme (add) – the rhyming of single-syllable words - glade and shade Feminine Rhyme (add) – the rhyming of two words with a rhymed stressed syllable followed by one or more rhymed unstressed syllables Butter, clutter; gratitude, attitude; quivering, shivering Exact Rhyme – rhymed words that share the same stressed vowel sounds, as well as any sounds that follow the vowel. Near Rhyme (26) - sounds are almost, but not quite exactly alike. There are many kinds. Also called off rhyme, slant rhyme, and approximate rhyme Consonance (15) – identical consonant sounds preceded by a different vowel sound. Home, same; worth, breath; trophy, daffy.