2. ¿qué son mandatos?¿qué son mandatos? WWhat is a ‘command’? AA command is when you TRY to make someone DO, or NOT DO what you want. ¿¿Ejemplos? (Examples?)

3. ¿tipos?  What TYPES of commands are there in Spanish?  There are two ‘categories’  AFFIRMATIVE (telling someone to DO something)  NEGATIVE (telling someone to NOT DO something)  ** - - -y ahora, una de mis películas favoritas - - -**

4. ¿a quién hablas?¿a quién hablas?  It also matters TO WHOM you are giving a command  HOW do you ‘address’ the person(s) to whom you are giving the command?

5. Puedes dar un mandato a:Puedes dar un mandato a:  UD  TÚ  UDS  VOSOTROS/VOSOTRAS  NOSOTROS/NOSOTRAS

6. Para empezarPara empezar  To begin, let’s look at the AFFIRMATIVE USTED command.  You use UD commands with ______________.

7. PARA FORMARPARA FORMAR  Let’s use the verb CORRER  To form the USTED command, you:  START with the YO form of the verb in the present tense (in this case – CORRO)  DROP the ‘O’ (here, we end up with CORR)  ADD the ‘opposite vowel’, meaning AR infinitive – use E, ER and IR infinitives use A (here, we end up with CORRA)

8. otro  Let’s try another verb – how about TRABAJAR  YO FORM = ???  Trabajo  DROP ‘O’ = TRABAJ  ADD opposite vowel...  Trabaje

9. Y...Y...  VIVIR  YO = VIVO  DROP ‘O’ = VIV  ADD OPPOSITE VOWEL = VIVA

10. A ti te toca...A ti te toca...  HACER  Hago  Hag  Haga***  ***and THIS is why we need the YO form.

11.  ESTUDIAR  Estudio  Estudi  estudie

12.  ESCRIBIR  Escribo  Escrib  Escriba

13. ¿irregulares?  ¡POR SUPUESTO!  There are 5 irregular affirmative Ud commands.  Son...  Incredibly Silly Student Eats Dirt

14. IR (to go)IR (to go)  Ud command =  VAYA

15. SABER = to know (facts/info/how to )  Ud command =  SEPA

16. SER = to beSER = to be  Ud command =  SEA

17. ESTAR = to beESTAR = to be  Ud command =  ESTÉ*  (*only thing ‘irregular’ is the accent)  (WHY do we have the accent?)

18. DAR = to giveDAR = to give  Ud command =  DÉ*  (*only thing ‘irregular’ AGAIN, is the accent)  (WHY do we have the accent?)

19. Otros ‘irregulares’Otros ‘irregulares’  Other types of irregulars are SPELL CHANGE irregulars.  Using our knowledge of la fonética española, let’s see if we can figure out WHY the spelling change occurs.

20. -gar  If a verb ends in –GAR (like LLEGAR), you:  Start with YO form (LLEGO) – so far, so good  DROP the ‘o’ (LLEG) – still okay  ADD “U” BEFORE adding the “E” (LLEGUE)  Uh oh! What happened???? WHY?????

21. -CAR  If a verb ends in –CAR (like BUSCAR), you...  Start with YO form (BUSCO) – okee dokee  DROP the ‘o’ (BUSC) – hokey pokey  CHANGE the C to Q & ADD a U BEFORE the E (BUSQUE) – HUH?????  What happened?????? WHY?????

22. -ZAR  If the verb ends in –ZAR (EMPEZAR) yo...  Start with the YO form (EMPIEZO) – got it!  DROP the ‘o’ (EMPIEZ) – still good  CHANGE the Z to C and ADD ‘E’ (EMPIECE) – hmmm  WHAT happened? WHY? (this one is a little more difficult to ‘splain)

23. Y ahoraY ahora  Now – you can give commands to  * me (RIGHT! Go ahead and try!)  *your boss (AGAIN, HA!)  *a stranger on the street (would they even listen?)  *ANYONE you refer to as UD