1. Ladder Safety University Safety and Assurances 229-6339 www.safety.uwm.edu

2. US&A (v. 2/07) 2 Choosing Right Equipment -- Ladder or Scaffold? Will the job take only a short amount of time?Will the job take only a short amount of time? Does work require side-to-side movement?Does work require side-to-side movement? Does the work require using tools with both hands?Does the work require using tools with both hands? Ladder Scaffold

3. US&A (v. 2/07) 3 Straight LadderStraight Ladder Step LadderStep Ladder Extension LadderExtension Ladder Sectional LadderSectional Ladder Trestle LadderTrestle Ladder Trolley LadderTrolley Ladder Side RollingSide Rolling Mason’s LadderMason’s Ladder Max 30’Max 30’ Max 20’Max 20’ Max 60’Max 60’ Combined lengths of section not longer t han specified for equivalent non-sectional typesCombined lengths of section not longer t han specified for equivalent non-sectional types Max 30’Max 30’ Max 20’Max 20’ Max 40’Max 40’ Types of Ladders

4. US&A (v. 2/07) 4 Duty Ratings Type IAA: Special-duty -- 375 lbs Type IA: Extra heavy-duty -- 300 lbs Type I: Heavy-duty -- 250 lbs Type II: Medium-Duty -- 225 lbs (not recommended at UWM) Type III: Light-Duty -- 200 lbs (not allowed at UWM)

5. US&A (v. 2/07) 5 Load Limits Select a ladder designed to hold the necessary load, including worker and equipmentSelect a ladder designed to hold the necessary load, including worker and equipment Do not assume that a longer ladder has a higher duty rating. There is no relationship between length and duty rating. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) requires that a duty rating sticker be placed on the side of every ladder so users can determine if they have the correct type ladder for each task/job.American National Standards Institute

6. US&A (v. 2/07) 6 Advantages/Disadvantages FiberglassFiberglass –Strong, lightweight, electrically non- conductive –More expensive than wood or metal Fiberglass Ladder

7. US&A (v. 2/07) 7 MetalMetal –Must not be used when working on or near electrical wires –lightweight Advantages/Disadvantages

8. US&A (v. 2/07) 8 Advantages/Disadvantages WoodWood –Heavier than aluminum or fiberglass –Can rot –Electrically non- conductive

9. US&A (v. 2/07) 9 Fixed Ladders Prior to ascending or descending a fixed ladder, examine connections to assure that ladder is properly secured Fixed ladders are located in the Fine Arts Complex -- Theatre and Recital Hall

10. US&A (v. 2/07) 10 Check for damage prior to using: Make sure feet are not broken or malfunctioning and that the slip- resistant pads are secure. Inspect for cracks, bends & splits on the side rails, rungs & steps. Make sure both rung locks are working properly. Test the rope & pulley. Examine rope for any signs of fraying. Make sure the pulley is operating smoothly. Ensure all bolts and rivets are secure. Make sure ladder is free of foreign materials such as oil & grease. Make sure the spreader braces are secure & working properly. Aluminum or steel ladders should be inspected for rough burrs and sharp edges. Ladder Safety Checklist

11. US&A (v. 2/07) 11 Immediately remove ladder from service if inspection finds Broken or missing steps, rungs or cleatsBroken or missing steps, rungs or cleats Broken or damaged side railsBroken or damaged side rails Other faulty equipment such as missing feet, damaged connections, broken rivetsOther faulty equipment such as missing feet, damaged connections, broken rivets

12. US&A (v. 2/07) 12 Always place ladders on a stable surfaceAlways place ladders on a stable surface Clear debrisClear debris Level uneven groundLevel uneven ground Ladder Set-Up

13. US&A (v. 2/07) 13 Always assure secure footingAlways assure secure footing Keep ladder free from mud, grease and other substances which could cause you to slipKeep ladder free from mud, grease and other substances which could cause you to slip Keep area around ladder free from traffic.Keep area around ladder free from traffic. Ladder Set-Up

14. US&A (v. 2/07) 14 Always lock or guard door if ladder blocks doorwayAlways lock or guard door if ladder blocks doorway Ladder Set-Up

15. US&A (v. 2/07) 15 Base of straight ladder should be 1 foot away from the surface for every 4 feet to the topBase of straight ladder should be 1 foot away from the surface for every 4 feet to the top(1:4) 1 foot 4 feet Ladder Set-Up

16. US&A (v. 2/07) 16 place ladder on boxes, barrels or other unstable surfaces to extend heightDon’t place ladder on boxes, barrels or other unstable surfaces to extend height Ladder Set-Up

17. US&A (v. 2/07) 17 Extension Ladders Always raise extension ladders so that the upper section overlaps and rests on the bottom section.Always raise extension ladders so that the upper section overlaps and rests on the bottom section. The upper section must always overlap on the climbing side of the extension ladder.The upper section must always overlap on the climbing side of the extension ladder.

18. US&A (v. 2/07) 18 Extension Ladder Overlap Extension Ladders should have the proper overlap: Three foot overlap for 32-foot ladder Four foot overlap for 32- to 36-foot ladder Five foot overlap for 36- to 48-foot ladder Six foot overlap for 48-foot ladder

19. US&A (v. 2/07) 19 Straight Ladder If a straight ladder is used to climb onto an elevated work station, it will extend at least 3 1/2 feet above the working level.If a straight ladder is used to climb onto an elevated work station, it will extend at least 3 1/2 feet above the working level. This ladder is not sufficiently extended

20. US&A (v. 2/07) 20 Face the ladder when ascending or descendingFace the ladder when ascending or descending Both hands should be placed on ladder rails, not on rungs, when ascending and descendingBoth hands should be placed on ladder rails, not on rungs, when ascending and descending Maintain 3 point contact at all times -- This means both feet and one hand or one foot and both handsMaintain 3 point contact at all times -- This means both feet and one hand or one foot and both hands Safe Ladder Use

21. US&A (v. 2/07) 21 Use extra caution while climbing in windy weatherUse extra caution while climbing in windy weather Safe Ladder Use

22. US&A (v. 2/07) 22 Always climb completely past the landing before stepping overAlways climb completely past the landing before stepping over SafeLadder Use Safe Ladder Use

23. US&A (v. 2/07) 23 “ walk” a ladder (rocking from side to side to move)Don’t “ walk” a ladder (rocking from side to side to move) use a stepladder as a straight ladderDon’t use a stepladder as a straight ladder SafeLadder Use Safe Ladder Use

24. US&A (v. 2/07) 24 carry tools in your hands. (A tool pouch or belt should be used or tools should be hoisted up)Don’t carry tools in your hands. (A tool pouch or belt should be used or tools should be hoisted up) overreach to either side or lean too far forward or backwardDon’t overreach to either side or lean too far forward or backward Safe Ladder Use

25. US&A (v. 2/07) 25 use a ladder without locking spreader or other device in placeDon’t use a ladder without locking spreader or other device in place Safe Ladder Use

26. US&A (v. 2/07) 26 climb using bracing on back legs of step ladderDon’t climb using bracing on back legs of step ladder attempt to straighten or use a bent ladder made of metal or reinforced plastic-- repairs should be made by qualified personnelDon’t attempt to straighten or use a bent ladder made of metal or reinforced plastic-- repairs should be made by qualified personnel Safe Ladder Use

27. US&A (v. 2/07) 27 Don’t Climb using two highest steps or top of platform Safe Ladder Use

28. US&A (v. 2/07) 28 use a defective ladderDon’t use a defective ladder block a fire exitDon’t block a fire exit use a ladder as a platformDon’t use a ladder as a platform use a ladder by more than one personDon’t use a ladder by more than one person Safe Ladder Use

29. US&A (v. 2/07) 29 use a ladder if you are feeling dizzy, light-headed, are excessively tired, on medication, have recently consumed alcohol or are otherwise temporarily impaired.Don’t use a ladder if you are feeling dizzy, light-headed, are excessively tired, on medication, have recently consumed alcohol or are otherwise temporarily impaired. Safe Ladder Use

30. US&A (v. 2/07) 30 Always face ladder when ascending, descending and performing workAlways face ladder when ascending, descending and performing work Ascending and Descending

31. US&A (v. 2/07) 31 Keep between the side rails when working --your body should be centered on the ladder so your belt buckle is between the side railsKeep between the side rails when working --your body should be centered on the ladder so your belt buckle is between the side rails Safe Ladder Use

32. US&A (v. 2/07) 32 Store ladders for easy access and inspection.Store ladders for easy access and inspection. Store vertically if possible. If not possible, store horizontally supporting ladder at several points to avoid saggingStore vertically if possible. If not possible, store horizontally supporting ladder at several points to avoid sagging Protect ladder from heat, weather and corrosive materialsProtect ladder from heat, weather and corrosive materials Ladder Storage

33. US&A (v. 2/07) 33 Do not leave ladders where they may create a tripping or fall hazard for othersDo not leave ladders where they may create a tripping or fall hazard for others Ladder Storage

34. US&A (v. 2/07) 34 Lift ladder using legs muscles, not backLift ladder using legs muscles, not back Carry holding ladder close to bodyCarry holding ladder close to body Lifting and Carrying

35. US&A (v. 2/07) 35 When carrying ladder: Balance center of ladder on your shoulderBalance center of ladder on your shoulder Position so front end of ladder is above your head and back end is near the groundPosition so front end of ladder is above your head and back end is near the ground Lifting and Carrying

36. US&A (v. 2/07) 36 When ascending and descending stairs, carry ladder with one hand and hold stair rail with the other hand Lifting and Carrying

37. US&A (v. 2/07) 37 Set ladder down when opening and closing doorsSet ladder down when opening and closing doors Take special care when negotiating corners or turning aroundTake special care when negotiating corners or turning around Lifting and Carrying

38. US&A (v. 2/07) 38 When it is necessary for two people to carry a ladder, both should be on the same side of ladder and both people should walk in step.When it is necessary for two people to carry a ladder, both should be on the same side of ladder and both people should walk in step. Spikes, hooks or ladder feet should face toward the rear when ladder is being carriedSpikes, hooks or ladder feet should face toward the rear when ladder is being carried Lifting and Carrying

39. US&A (v. 2/07) 39 What’s Wrong in this Picture?

40. US&A (v. 2/07) 40 What’s Wrong in this Picture? Climb only as high as the 2nd tread from the top on a step ladder and the 3rd rung from the top on a straight ladder.

41. US&A (v. 2/07) 41 What’s Wrong in this Picture? Do not sit on the ladder and never sit or stand on the top cap of a step ladder – it is not designed to carry your weight.

42. US&A (v. 2/07) 42 Ladder should be opened fully and locking mechanism engaged prior to ascending What’s Wrong in This Picture?