1. Muscle testing By Prof. Dr. Samy A. Nasef

4. Clinically

5. Weakness Flexor Carpi Radialis weakness decreases the strength of wrist flexion, and pronation strength may be diminished. It allows an ulnar deviation of the hand. Contracture: Flexor Carpi Radialis contractures leads to wrist flexion toward the radial side.

11. Clinically

12. Weakness Palmaris Longus weakness decreases the ability to cup the palm of the hand. Strength of wrist flexion is diminished.

18. Weakness Flexor Carpi Ulnaris weakness decreases the strength of wrist flexion, and may result in a radial deviation of the hand. Contracture Flexor Carpi Ulnaris contractures leads to wrist flexion toward the ulnar side.

23. Clinically

25. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis weakness of this muscle decreases the strength of the grip and of wrist flexion. It interferes with finger function in such activities as typing, piano playing, playing some stringed instruments in which the proximal interphalangeal joint is flexed while the distal joint is extended.

26. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Shortness of this muscle leads to flexion of the middle phalanges of the fingers if the wrist is extended, or flexion of the wrist if the fingers are extended.

31. Clinically

33. Shortness Flexor Digitorum Profundus: Shortness of this muscle leads to flexion of the fingers if the wrist is extended or flexion of the wrist if the fingers are extended. Contracture: Flexor Digitorum Profundus: Contracture of this muscle results in flexion deformity of the distal phalanges of the fingers

34. Weakness Flexor Digitorum Profundus: weakness of this muscle decreases the ability to flex the distal joints of the fingers in direct proportion to the extent of weakness since this is the only muscle that flexes the distal interphalangeal joints. Also wrist flexion strength is diminished.