1. Elbow, Forearm, Wrist and Hand

2. Elbow Bones: Humerus: only bone of the arm
Landmarks: medial and lateral epicondyles, olecranon fossa, capitulum (articulation with the radius), trochlea (articulation with the ulna)

3. Ulna: bone on the pinkie (medial) side of forearm
Landmarks: olecranon process, radial notch
Radius: bone on the thumb (lateral) side of forearm
Landmarks: radial head

4. Ligaments:
Ulnar collateral: prevents valgus force (think of it as MCL of knee)
Radial collateral: prevents varus force (think of it as LCL of knee)
Annular ligament: circular ligament encompassing the radius, allows for rotation of radius while holding it securely to the ulna

5. Bursae Bicipital bursa: anterior aspect of elbow, cushions the bicep
Olecranon bursa: posterior aspect of elbow, cushions between olecranon process and the skin

6. Muscles Elbow flexion Brachialis, brachioradialis, biceps brachii
Elbow extension
Triceps brachii

7. Nerves:
Ulnar nerve: passes posterior to the medial epicondyle “hitting your funny bone”

8. Joint Mechanics Elbow: hinge joint between ulna and humerus
Allows for flexion and extension
Joint between ulna and radius (radio-ulnar)
Allows for pronation and supination of the forearm

9. Forearm Bones: Radius and ulna held together by interosseus membrane
Landmarks: radial and ulnar styloid processes

10. Radioulnar joint
Proximal allows for pronation and supination
Distal connects the radius and ulna at the wrist

11. Muscles Anterior (flexors) Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor pollicus longus
Pronator teres
** flexor tendons originate on the medial epicondyle of the humerus

12. Muscles cont. Posterior (extensors) Extensor digitorum communis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor pollicus longus
** extensors origiante on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

13. Wrist and Hand Basic Anatomy Bones
Distal radius and ulna (styloid process)
Carpals: 8 bones of wrist
Scapoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
Metacarpals: 5 bones of hand
Phalanges: 14 bones of fingers

14. Wrist joint: joint between distal radius and ulna and the carpal bones
Carpal tunnel: tunnel formed by carpal bones and closed off by the transverse carpal ligament. Nerves, blood vessels and muscles pass through this tunnel.
Wrist joint: joint between distal radius and ulna and the carpal bones
Movements: flexion, extension, radial and ulnar deviation

15. Joints of Fingers and Hand
Carpometacarpal joint (CM)
Metacarpo-phalangeal (MP)
Interphalangeal (IP)
Proximal Interphalangeal (PIP)
Distal Interphalangeal (DIP)

16. Ligaments of Wrist
Ulnar collateral: from styloid process of wrist to triquetrum
Radial collateral: from styloid process of radius to scaphoid
Transverse carpal ligament: closes off carpal tunnel

17. Muscles and Tendons
The extrinsic muslces and tendons of the hand and fingers originate in the forearm. See the muscles listed for the forearm
Muscles of the thumb
Extensor pollicus longus
Extensor pollicus brevis
Abductor pollicus longus
Flexor pollicus brevis