1. Beyond Relief: Food Security in Protracted Crises ODI Event 25 th September 2008 presented by Luca Alinovi and Luca Russo

2. Why This Book? “For too long, we simply equated a food security problem with a food gap, and a food gap with a food aid response” - Dan Maxwell. Improving Food Security Analysis and Response: Some Brief Reflections. Keynote speech at the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification Workshop. Rome. 21 March 2007

3. Case Study Locations

4. The Context (Not Only Conflict) Competition over scarce resources Poor governance Scarce or no access to basic social services Widespread insecurity affecting livelihoods

5. Issue 1: Institutions Failing institutions and related conflicts over resources are the driving factors of crises and food insecurity.

6. Issue 2: The Policy Environment Issue 2: The Policy Environment Informal policy processes and the political environment are downplayed or misunderstood.

7. Issue 3: Local Responses Issue 3: Local Responses Affected communities are already acting for the long term and not merely waiting for the “emergency to be over”. Yet, mainstream analytical frameworks are hardly ever appropriate in this respect.

8. Issue 4: Delivery Mechanisms Coordination is crucial but rarely enforced. Involving local institutions and partners is the exception rather than the rule.

9. Issue 5: Time Matters The protracted nature of the crises led to a sustained erosion of livelihoods and to structural vulnerability. Several long-term adaptation mechanisms exist - but food systems’ resilience is a concern.

10. Issue 6: Food Security Perceived as a Humanitarian Problem Only Short-term responses based on humanitarian paradigms dominated and had an impact on longer-term food security whilst development paradigms have been applied uncritically.

11. Against all odds, people continue to live, organise themselves, invest in assets and adapt/exploit opportunities. Opportunity 1

12. Innovative and forward looking approaches do exist but need to be mainstreamed. Opportunity 2

13. Challenge 1 Understand and simultaneously address both immediate needs and the institutional, policy and livelihoods dimensions of crises.

14. Challenge 2 A rethinking of aid delivery mechanisms and architecture, as well as strategic alliances and political will are necessary.

16. Additional slides

17. A possible conceptual model for addressing food insecurity in protracted crisis contexts Sustainable Livelihoods Approach Food Security Dimensions Decision Making Institutional Context Time Livelihood Outcomes Food Security Specific Direct Immediate Access Long Term Responses Policies Institutions Processes N S F P H ThePoor Vulnerability Context Shocks Seasonality Trends Changes influence Livelihood Strategies Livelihood Outcomes FS External Environment Security, External Interests Global, policies

18. “You must think beyond even when you cannot yet act beyond”. you cannot yet act beyond”. - Workshop report. Food Security in Protracted Crises. FAO. Rome.11–12 April 2006