1. STAGES OF REVOLUTION Adapted from Crane Brinton’s book, The Anatomy of Revolution

2. REVOLUTION: A VIOLENT OVERTHROW OF A GOVERNMENT

3. PRELIMINARY (Incubation in the Fever Model)  Class antagonism –Economic upgrade, which does not reach the people  Government inefficiency –Inept ruler—Autocrat with absolute power

4.  People ask for change (justice)  Autocrat attempts to stop early protests with force (terror), which fails PRELIMINARY (Incubation)

5.  Intellectuals transfer their loyalty from government to the people PRELIMINARY (Incubation)

6. FIRST STAGE (Symptomatic)  Financial breakdown  Protests against government increase dramatically

7.  Moderates gain power relatively peacefully  Revolutionary underground (radicals) foment revolution FIRST STAGE (Symptomatic)

8.  Mob psychology –Ignorant –Emotional –Now wants revenge FIRST STAGE (Symptomatic)

9. CRISIS STAGE  Radicals take control –Remove moderates  Enemies attempt to stop radicals: –Civil war –Foreign war

10.  Centralization of power in a revolutionary council  Council dominated by a “strongman”  Use common term of address CRISIS STAGE

11.  Try to kill original autocrat  Use terror to rule CRISIS STAGE

12. RECOVERY (Convalescence)  Revolution turns inward  Radicals removed –Some killed  Charismatic autocrat comes to power

13.  Aggressive nationalism  Slow, uneven return to quieter times  People trade freedom for security RECOVERY (Convalescence)

14. FRENCH REVOLUTION

15. PRELIMINARY  Class antagonism –Heavy, increasing taxes on 3 rd Estate  Government inefficiency –Autocrat=Louis XVI –Ignored growing bourgeoisie

16. PRELIMINARY  People ask for change –Cahiers de Doleances  Autocrat’s failed attempts to stop early protests –National Assembly locked out of meeting place –Ordered NA not to meet

17. PRELIMINARY  Intellectuals transfer their loyalty –Philosophes –Enlightened public

18. FIRST STAGE  Financial breakdown –Wheat famine –High bread prices  Protests against government –Storming of Bastille

19.  Moderates –Estates-General –National Assembly –National Constitutional Convention FIRST STAGE

20.  Revolutionary underground –Jacobins FIRST STAGE

21. CRISIS STAGE  Radicals take control –Mobs in Paris took Convention

22. CRISIS STAGE  Enemies –Civil war Louis XVI Nobles/Emigres –Foreign war Austria England

23.  Revolutionary council –Committee of Public Safety  Strongman –Robespierre  Common term of address –Citizen CRISIS STAGE

24.  Kill original autocrat –Women’s March on Versailles –Flight to Varennes –Louis XVI/Marie guillotined  Use terror to rule –Reign of Terror CRISIS STAGE

25. RECOVERY  Revolution turns inward –Thermidorean Reaction –Danton/Robespierre killed  Charismatic autocrat –Directory –Napoleon

26.  Aggressive nationalism –Napoleonic Wars  Quieter times –End of terror  Trade freedom for security –Empire RECOVERY

27. STAGES OF REVOLUTION Adapted from Crane Brinton’s book, The Anatomy of Revolution