1. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint® Lectures Lectures by Chris Romero, Front Range Community College The Trials of an Artificial Heart Current Issues in Biology, Volume 1 Scientific American

2. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Trials of an Artificial Heart In 2001 Robert L. Tools became the first recipient of the AbioCor artificial heart. The AbioCor artificial heart is different from previous devices like it because it is completely internal. Concept Review

3. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Trials of an Artificial Heart Concept Review The development of artificial hearts has been going on for the past 50 years. Although the success rates of these types of artificial organs has been low, continued research is improving their design and function.

4. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Trials of an Artificial Heart Other less radical treatments called ventricular-assist devices are also being developed. Concept Review

5. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Trials of an Artificial Heart Concept Review Recent studies have also shown that the heart can repair itself. Research on the use of stem cells to help the heart heal is also occurring. These newer treatments may become more attractive to the medical field because they pose less risk to patients than artificial hearts.

6. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Trials of an Artificial Heart The AbioCor heart is similar to a human heart. - It has left and right chambers and valves that connect them. Concept Review

7. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Trials of an Artificial Heart The AbioCor heart is battery powered. Concept Review

8. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Trials of an Artificial Heart Concept Review A small motor inside moves hydraulic fluid which facilitates the blood pumping mechanism.

9. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Trials of an Artificial Heart Concept Review Individuals who have received the AbioCor heart have shown some successes, but also many failures. - Some recipients have survived for only days while others have survived more than 6 months.

10. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Trials of an Artificial Heart How does the AbioCor artificial heart differ from older models of artificial hearts? a) It can completely replace heart functions. b) It can be completely enclosed within a patient’s body. c) It is the first to significantly extend life spans. d) It is made from stem cells. Testing Your Comprehension

11. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Trials of an Artificial Heart Testing Your Comprehension How does the AbioCor artificial heart differ from older models of artificial hearts? b) It can be completely enclosed within a patient’s body.

12. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Trials of an Artificial Heart The human heart uses muscle contractions to propel blood. What mechanism does the AbioCor artificial heart use? a) artificially stimulated muscle contractions b) magnetic impulses transmitted through the skin c) air compressors d) the movement of hydraulic fluid Testing Your Comprehension

13. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Trials of an Artificial Heart Testing Your Comprehension The human heart uses muscle contractions to propel blood. What mechanism does the AbioCor artificial heart use? d) the movement of hydraulic fluid

14. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Trials of an Artificial Heart A less dramatic treatment than an artificial heart a(n) ________ is a pump that assists the heart with its natural pumping action. a) arterial control device b) atrial control device c) ventricular-assist device d) ventricular-replacement device Testing Your Comprehension

15. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Trials of an Artificial Heart Testing Your Comprehension A less dramatic treatment than an artificial heart a(n) ________ is a pump that assists the heart with its natural pumping action. c) ventricular-assist device

16. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Trials of an Artificial Heart If the safety of the AbioCor heart is improved, do you think it is ethical to spend up to $1 million to implant an artificial heart into a single patient? Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree A. E. C. B. D. Biology In Society

17. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Trials of an Artificial Heart Why is it important that an artificial heart be coated with smooth, non-biologically reactive surfaces? a)to ease the flow of blood through the heart b)to decrease the amount of power required to run the pump c)to reduce the risk of immune system rejection d)to prevent the formation of clots Thinking About Science

18. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Trials of an Artificial Heart Thinking About Science Why is it important that an artificial heart be coated with smooth, non-biologically reactive surfaces? d)to prevent the formation of clots