2. Henry Clay’s plan to make economy self- sufficientHenry Clay’s plan to make economy self- sufficient Protective tariffProtective tariff –Protect American business from foreign competition National bankNational bank –Promote a single national currency Internal improvementsInternal improvements –Gov’t funded projects –Focus on the transportation

3. 1825 – 1850: often referred to as the Age of Canals 1825 – 1850: often referred to as the Age of Canals Allowed farmers in these regions to flow east & people/manufactured goods to go west By 1830, N.Y.C. had a population of over 200,000 “Let us bind the Republic together with a perfect system of road and canals” -John C Calhoun (Rep-SC)

4. Railroads & Expansion Development began in the 1830’s First locomotive built in 1830, 30 miles of track in US 3,000 miles of railroad in 1840 31,000 miles of railroad by 1860 Important for industrialization & urbanization Top Urban Places: 1830 1 New York city, NY.....202, 589 2 Baltimore city, MD..... 80,620 3 Philadelphia city, PA. 80,462 4 Boston city, MA....... 61,392 5 New Orleans city, LA.. 46,082 6 Charleston city, SC.... 30,289 8 Cincinnati city, OH.... 24,831 9 Albany city, NY........ 24,209 11 Washington city, DC...18,826 12 Providence town, RI... 16,833 13 Richmond city, VA...... 16,060 17 Pittsburgh city, PA... 12,568 18 Brooklyn town, NY.....12,406 22 Louisville city, KY.. 10,341 27 Buffalo town, NY.... 8,668 37 Savannah city, GA.... 7,303 43 Lowell town, MA...... 6,474 46 Cambridge town, MA... 6,072 (Suburb of Boston) 48 Lexington town, KY... 6,026 50 Nashville city, TN... 5,566 57 St. Louis city, MO... 4,977 Top Urban Places: 1930 1 New York city, NY...... 6,930,446 2 Chicago city, IL......... 3,376,438 3 Philadelphia city, PA.... 1,950,961 4 Detroit city, MI......... 1,568,662 5 Los Angeles city, CA..... 1,238,048 6 Cleveland city, OH....... 900,429 7 St. Louis city, MO....... 821,960 8 Baltimore city, MD....... 804,874 9 Boston city, MA.......... 781,188 10 Pittsburgh city, PA...... 669,817 11 San Francisco city, CA... 34,394 12 Milwaukee city, WI....... 578,249 13 Buffalo city, NY......... 573,076 14 Washington city, DC...... 486,869 15 Minneapolis city, MN..... 464,356 16 New Orleans city, LA..... 458,762 17 Cincinnati city, OH...... 451,160 18 Newark city, NJ.......... 442,337 19 Kansas City city, MO..... 399,746 20 Seattle city, WA......... 365,583 21 Indianapolis city, IN.... 364,161 22 Rochester city, NY....... 328,132 23 Jersey City city, NJ..... 316,715 24 Louisville city, KY...... 307,745 25 Portland city, OR........ 301,815

7. Federalists are almost non-existent Democratic–Republicans were the only viable party Political differences fade away –Sense of Nationalism spread throughout the country –More trust in the federal government

8. Adams-On í s Treaty, 1819 Secretary of State John Quincy Adams successfully negotiated terms Andrew Jackson invaded FL to stop Seminole raids in American territory Jackson seized Spanish forts & created international issues Stopped war & gave U.S. all of Florida & set boundary of TX

10. Missouri applied for statehood in 1817, but issue of the expansion of slavery caused great debate Would slavery be allowed to expand into the new territories? Speaker of the House, Henry Clay, helped negotiate a compromise