1. Geomorphological Response to Extreme Events, Great Kills Park, Gateway National Recreation Area Norbert P. Psuty, Andrea J. Spahn, William J. Schmelz Sandy Hook Cooperative Research Programs Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey Sandy Hook, New Jersey

2. Gateway National Recreation Area Great Kills Park Resources impacted by erosion Management to be science based Geotemporal dimensions

4. LiDAR Source: J.C., al. 2006, USGS-NPS-NASA Bare Earth Topography Sagamore Hill NHS, USGS Open File Report 2007-1394 (On CD). Source : Park on site of former Barrier Island

5. Park site - Limited sediment input from updrift - buffering of incident waves by marsh remnant

7. Mar 31 2009

8. Water Level and Threshold 2010

10. LiDAR Data Source: Brock, J.C., et al. 2006, USGS-NPS-NASA Bare Earth Topography Sagamore Hill NHS, USGS Open File Report 2007-1394 (On CD). November 2009 to March 2010 Elevation change - Volume change

11. Plus anthropogenic

12. Water Level and Storm Threshold - 2012

13. Superstorm Sandy - Elevation Change - Volume Change by Compartment - Dune is positive element

14. June 19, 2013

15. Diffraction downdrift of remnant marsh - Expanding log-spiral erosion, extending downdrift greater mobilization with storm magnitude - Dune is positive element ‘natural’ versus manipulated