1. NPD’s play models and undiscovered resources in the Barents Sea
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NPD’s play models and undiscovered resources in the Barents Sea

2. Table of contents Major structural elements
Exploration history and the current situation in the Barents Sea
Exploration results since 2006
NPD’s database
Play models of the Barents sea
Prognoses and resource estimates
Summary
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3. Norwegian Continental Shelf
Barents Sea
Norwegian Continental Shelf
This is a geological structure map of the Norwegian Continental Shelf. This presentation will concentrate on the Barents Sea shelf – which has a more or less continuous sedimentary package from upper paleozoicum to quaternary. The stratigraphic sequence is dominated by silisiclastic sediments, but during late carboniferous and early permian carbonates were deposited.
In the eastern platform areas sedimentary rocks from carboniferous to early tertiary dominates, while along the margins towards the deep sea basins in the west and north younger tertiary sediments and seafloor basalts dominates. Giving a northeast-southwest trend with younger sediments towards the west.
Due to several (?) episodes of tilting and reactivation of faults, and Tertiary/Quaternary uplift and erosion, non-preservation and leakage of hydrocarbons has effected the area. This must be taken into account while understanding the petroleum system.

4. The Barents Sea area
The Barents Sea north of 74°30’ is characterized as little known area
The Barents Sea south of 74°30’, apart from the Hammerfest Basin, is characterized as moderately known area
The Hammerfest Basin is characterized as a well known area
Little known area
Moderately known area
Well known area
Unknown area
Area of overlapping claims (disputed area)
Fortell om de ulike definisjonene av områdene, at dette er en figur som viser definisjon av “kunnskap om områder”. Se notat på print!
Hammerfest Basin is a well known area and this talk will have examples from the southern part of the Barents sea, that means in the moderatly and known areas.

5. History and current situation
Opened for exploration drilling in 1980 (5th concession round)
First well drilled in 1980 (7119/12-1)
First discovery Askeladd (7120/8-1) in 1981
First commercial oil discovery was Goliat (7122/7-1) in 2000
81 exploration wells have so far been drilled in the Norwegian Barents Sea.
About half in the Hammerfest Basin
One field in production (Snøhvit) and one is under development (Goliat)
Currently 42 active production licenses.
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6. What has happened since the awards of the 19th concession round?
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7122/7-3 Kobbe Goliat (Oil)
7122/7-4S Klappmys Goliat (Oil)
7125/4-1 Nucula (Oil & Gas)
7222/6-1S Obesum (Oil)
7222/11-1 Caurus (Gas)
7224/6-1 Arenaria (Gass)
7226/2-1 Ververis (25 gass)
18 exploration wells drilled
7 new discoveries
5 successful appraisal wells
6 dry wells
Almost 70 % discovery rate
Proven resources since 2006
Oil approx. 20 M Sm3
Gas approx 100 G Sm3
Two play models are confirmed
APA 2007, APA 2008 & 20th concession round resulted in 18 new production licenses.
7120/6-2S (Snøhvit)
7122/6-2 (Tornerose)
7122/7-5A (West Goliat)
7125/4-2 (Nucula)
7223/5-1 (Obesum)
7120/8-4 (wild cat, Askeladd Beta)
7122/7-5 (wild cat, West Goliat structure)
7123/4-1S (appraisal, Snøhvit)
7123/4-1A (appraisal, Snøhvit)
7227/11-1S (wild cat, Uranus)
7227/11-1A (wild cat, Uranus)
Several discoveries have relatively large inplace volumes, however the triassic reservoirs tend to be poor.
- Many interessting awards in the 20th round.
- What can the new licenses bring us?
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7. Database Medium to good seismic coverage south of Bjørnøya
Good well density in the Hammerfest basin
Relatively low density in the surrounding areas
NPD’s prospect database consists of over 1000 prospects, a fourth of these in the Barents sea.
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8. Unconfirmed play models
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23 play models in total, 8 confirmed, 15 unconfirmed
Level
Reservoir rock
Confirmed play models
Unconfirmed play models
Total
Paleogene to neogen
Siliclastic 2
Upper Jurassic to lower Cretaceous 1
Jurassic 3
Triassic 4
Upper Carboniferous to permian
Carbonates and some siliclastic 8 9
Devonian to lower carboniferous
Siliclastic and some carbonate 15 23
Fordelt på ++
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9. NPD’s play model definitions
A play is defined as a stratigraphically delimited area where a specific set of geological factors must be present so that petroleum may be provable in commercial quantities.
Undiscovered resources in a play include both mapped (prospects) and unmapped (leads and potential prospects) resources.
The NPD uses an assessment method based on play analysis, the play being the basic assessment unit. A play is defined as a geographically and stratigraphically delimited area where a specific set of geological factors must be present so that petroleum may be provable in commercial quantities.
All discoveries and prospects within the same play have a common set of geological factors such as reservoir rock, source and migration system and trap style. Plays that are confirmed contain at least one discovery of producible hydrocarbons, confirming that the critical geological factors are present simultaneously. An unconfirmed play is a play in which no discoveries has been made. This could be because that no wells have been drilled in the play. These plays are risked by assigning a probability for the presence of the critical geological factors.
Undiscovered resources in a play include both mapped (prospects) and unmapped (leads and potential prospects) resources.
For our play assessment the NPD uses “GEOX” software (developed by Geo-Knowledge) to estimate the undiscovered resources.
The NPD has a large prospect inventory based on our own regional studies, license round applications and license inventory reports. )

10. NPD’s play model definitions
Elements
Source Rock
Migration Route
Reservoir Rock
Trap
Seal Rock
Process
Generation
Migration
Accumulation
Preservation
Reservoir
Mature source rock
Valid trap and seal
Play

11. Distribution of Barents Sea play models Carboniferous & Permian
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Nine play models defined within the permian-carboniferous succesion where only one is confirmed (7128/4-1, spiculites).
Play
Age
Area
BCL-3
Visean - Serpukhovian
Finnmark Platform
BCL-4
Tournaisian-Serpukhovian
Loppa High
Play
Age
Area
BCU, PP-4
Serpukovian/
Bashkirian - Tatarian
C. and w. part of the Finnmark Platform
BCU, PP-5
Loppa High
BCU, PL-3
Moscovian - Early Sakmarian
Finnmark Platform
BCU, PL-4
Play
Age
Area
BPM, PU-4
Sakmarian- Artinskian/
Kazanian
Finnmark Platform
BPM, PU-5
Ufimian/
(Kungurian)-Kazanian
Loppa High
BPU-4

12. Distribution of Barents Sea play models Carboniferous, Permian
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Source rock
Carboniferous
Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous (Hoelbreen Member Equivalent) and U. Carboniferous/Lower Permian shales
Permian
Early Carboniferous and Late Carboniferous/Early Permian shales
Attractive elements
Carboniferous/Permian
Source rocks mainly coal, of Early Carboniferous age have been proven
Reservoir is proven in the western part of the Loppa High in well 7120/2-1
Many plays not confirmed
Well 7120/2-1 penetrated  karstified limestone sequence with good oil shows
BPU-4: Model confirmed by discovery 7128/4-1
Reservoir rock
Carboniferous
Sandstone & conglomerate
Permian
Karstified limestone, limestone, dolomite, spiculites /chert and silicified limestone
Depositional environment
Carboniferous
Fluvial and alluvial
Carboniferous/Permian
Syn- and post tectonic infill in active rift basins in a shallow marine setting, on tidal flats and in shallow evaporite basins
Permian
Marine, temperate to cold water
Critical factors:
Carboniferous
Non-preservation and leakage of hydrocarbons owing to tilting, reactivation of faults and Tertiary/Quaternary uplift and erosion
Presence of mature source rock
Permian
Presence and quality of reservoir
Trap
Carboniferous
Both structural and stratigraphic
Permian
Mainly stratigraphic
Edgeøya Plattform
Olga Basin
Gardar-
banken High
Sentralbanken High
Bjarmeland Plattform
Nine play models defined within the permian-carboniferous succesion where only one is confirmed (7128/4-1, spiculites).
Barents Sea Margin
Nordkapp Basin
Loppa High
Finnmark Plattform
H B

13. Distribution of Barents Sea play models Triassic
Age
Area
BRL, RM-4
Scythian -Anisian
Bjarmeland- and Finnmark Platform, eastern Hammerfest Basin, Nordkapp Basin
BRL, RM-5
Eastern part of the Loppa High, Bjarmeland Platform, Mercurius High, Maud Basin
BRU-1
Ladinian - Norian
Bjarmeland Platform, northeastern part of the Finnmark Platform, eastern part of the Hammerfest Basin, Nordkapp Basin
BRU-2
Bjørnøya Basin, Fingerdjupet Sub-basin, Bjarmeland Platform, Maud Basin, Mercurius High, Loppa High, Veslemøy High, Bjørnøyrenna Fault Complex

14. Distribution of Barents Sea play models Triassic
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Group/Formation
BRL, RM-4 and 5: Sassendalen Group with the Havert-, Klappmyss- and Kobbe Formation
BRU-1 and 2: Kapp Toscana Group with the Snadd Formation
Reservoir rock
Sandstone
Critical factors
The areas has been affected by Late Tertiary/Quaternary uplift and inversion, this could have trigged possible leakage of prospective hydrocarbon accumulations
Lateral extent and quality of reservoir rock
Trap
Stratigraphic, rotated fault blocks and halokinetic
Source rock
Upper Devonian- Lower Carboniferous shales,
Lower Carboniferous coals,
Upper Permian shales and Upper Triassic delta plain facies
Depositional environment
Fluvial, deltaic, coastal plain and shallow marine
Attractive features
BRL, RM-4, BRU-1:  Confirmed by several gas and gas/oil discoveries
The discovery 7226/11-1 confirmed source rock of Upper Permian age 
The discovery 7228/7-1 A indicates source rock of Carnian age in the eastern Hammerfest Basin and in the Nordkapp Basin
Stratigraphic and structural traps are identified
BRL, RM-5: Source rock confirmed by exploration- and shallow wells penetrating the Klappmyss- and Kobbe Formation
BRU-1 and -2: Moderate to good reservoir quality
Along the Western Fault Margin and the Loppa High source rocks of Jurassic and Cretaceous age may be present
Edgeøya Plattform
Olga Basin
Gardar-
banken High
Sentralbanken High
And here is the distribution of Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary plays.
In the Barents Sea, the Jurassic and Triassic petroleum system is proven, with a number of oil and gas finds in the Hammerfest and the Nordkapp Basins, but other systems could exist A Jurassic petroleum system is proven in the Hammerfest Basin, but other systems could exist in the eastern part and northern parts, and they could in some areas work independently of each other.
And as you see, these are plays that could continue into the Russian part of the Barents Sea, where the plays also have been confirmed with discoveries as the large Shtokmanovskoye discovery, which has a upper Jurassic reservoar
I will now give examples of Triassic plays.
Bjarmeland Plattform
Barents Sea Margin
Loppa High
Nordkapp Basin
Finnmark Plattform
H B
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15. Distribution of Barents Sea play models Lower – middle Jurassic
Age
Area
BJL, JM-5
Rhaetian - Bajocian
Hammerfest Basin
BJL, JM-6
Hettangian - Bajocian
Bjørnøya Basin, Bjørnøyrenna Fault Complex, Ringvassøy-Loppa Fault Complex, Veslemøy High, Polhem Sub-Platform
BJL, JM-7
Eastern part of the Finnmark Platform, Nordkapp Basin, Southern part of the Bjarmeland Platform, Maud Basin, Fingerdjupet Sub Basin

16. Distribution of Barents Sea play models Jurassic
Group/Formation
Kapp Toscana Group with the Tubåen-, Nordmela- and Stø Formations
Reservoir rock
Sandstone
Depositional environment
Fluvial, deltaic and shallow marine
Source rock
BJL, JM-5 and 6: Upper Jurassic shale (Hekkingen Formation). Older source rocks may be present for BJL, JM-6
BJL JM-7: Mainly Early to Mid Triassic shale (Steinkobbe Formation)
Shales of Ladinian and Carnian age (in the Nordkapp basin: only Carnian)
Trap
Rotated fault blocks and horsts
BJL, JM-7 in the Nordkapp Basin: Stratigraphic traps related to salt diapers. Rotated fault blocks may also occur
Attractive features
Tubåen- and Stø Formation have good reservoir quality, except in the deepest basins Tubåen Formation dominates towards the northeast
BJL, JM-5: Confirmed by the discoveries 7121/4-1 Snøhvit, 7120/8-1 Askeladd and 7120/9-1 Albatross, all included in the Snøhvit field, and the oil discovery 7122/7-1 Goliat
Efficient and mature source rocks proven in the Hammerfest Basin
Cap rocks with sealing capacity confirmed in the Nordkapp Basin
Critical factors
Non-preservation and leakage of hydrocarbons owing to tilting, reactivation of faults and Tertiary/Quaternary uplift and erosion, especially for shallow and/or truncated structures.
The thickness of the Nordmela- and Stø Formation decreases towards northeast
Cap rock with sufficient sealing capacity
BJL, JM-7: Source rocks in the Steinkobbe Formation deposited only in the Fingerdjupet Sub Basin, Maud Basin and the western part of the Bjarmeland Platform
Edgeøya Plattform
Olga Basin
Gardar-
banken High
Sentralbanken High
Bjarmeland Plattform
Barents Sea Margin
Loppa High
Nordkapp Basin
Finnmark Plattform
H B
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17. Distribution of Barents Sea play models Upper Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous
Age
Area
BJU, KL-3
Kimmeridgian-Albian
Hammerfest Basin, terraces along Western Fault Margin

18. Distribution of Barents Sea play models Upper Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous
Trap
Stratigraphic and occasionally structural
Group/Formation
Adventdalen Group with the Hekkingen-, Knurr- Kolje- and Kolmule Formations.
Reservoir rock
Sandstone
Source rock
Late Jurassic shale of the Hekkingen Formation
Critical factors
Long-distance migration
The areas have been affected by Late Tertiary/Quaternary uplift which probably have affected the storage of originally accumulated petroleum in the Hammerfest Basin and the terraces of the Western Fault Margin
Depositional environment
Shallow and deep marine
Attractive features
Knurr and Kolje Formation: Good reservoir quality in most of the exploration area
In the northern part of the Hammerfest Basin significant volumes of sands are proven in deep marine fans
The wells 7120/1-2 and 7120/2-2 have been production tested and the tests indicate mobile hydrocarbons
Edgeøya Plattform
Olga Basin
Gardar-
banken High
Sentralbanken High
Bjarmeland Plattform
Barents Sea Margin
Loppa High
Nordkapp Basin
Finnmark Plattform
H B
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19. Distribution of Barents Sea play models Paleogene
Age
Area
BTT-5
Late Paleocene-Oligocene
Hornsund Fault Complex, Vestbakken Vulcanic Province, Sørvestnaget Basin, Tromsø Basin, Harstad Basin, western part of the Bjørnøya Basin

20. Distribution of Barents Sea play models Paleogene
Depositional environment
Shallow and deep marine
Source rock
Mainly Creataceous
Critical factors
Presence of reservoir
The area has been affected by late Tertiary/Quaternary tilting.
Trap
Rotated fault blocks, domes- and horsts, stratigraphic and halokinetic
Attractive features
Reservoir is proven in wells 7316/5-1 and 7216/11-1S
Source rock of Early Aptian age may be present along the Western Fault Margin
Indication of Hauterivian source rock in well 7219/8-1
Group/Formation
Sotbakken Group with the Torsk Formation
Reservoir rock
Sandstone

21. Estimating undiscovered resources
Play analysis, input
grouping of prospects
play maps
database
uncertainty
Play analysis, output
recoverable resources
expected field sizes
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22. In place volumes – 2006 and 2009 Reduced uncertainties and increased expectations

23. In place vs. recoverable resources

24. Changed recovery factor for liquids og gas
Væske
Gass

25. Conclusions 23 play models are defined in the Norwegian Barents Sea
Reservoir rocks from the early Carboniferous to the Oligocene are represented
Only eight are confirmed while 14 remains unconfirmed
The expected in place volumes are estimated to 2200 M Sm3 o.e.
The expected recovery volumes are estimated to 900 M Sm3 o.e.
Large volumes to be discovered
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26. Play models, you say? Lets play!
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