1. Rocks, Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Rock Cycle, and Watersheds

2. Rocks – Types and Characteristics
Igneous Rocks:
Origin
Texture
Characteristics
Mineral composition
State whether each is a characteristic
of a plutonic or volcanic rock:
Large crystal size
Vesicular
Small crystal size
Batholith
Pumice
Solidified lava
Solidified magma

3. Which graph best represents the textures of granite, pegmatite, and rhyolite?

4. Rocks – Types and Characteristics
Sedimentary:
Types: Clastic, chemical, organic
Environment of formation

5. Environment of Formation
Sediments accumulate in streams, lakes, and oceans. Sediments deposit based upon water velocity.

6. Which graph best represents the correct relationship between the discharge of a river and the particle size that can be transported by that river?

7. Rocks – Types and Characteristics
Metamorphic Rocks:
Parent rocks
Heat and pressure
More dense; less porous
types of metamorphism
regional
contact/local
Texture
foliated vs. nonfoliated

8. Weathering
Types:
Mechanical
Chemical

9. Measuring Weathering Mechanical: Chemical: Lab----Sugar Cubes:
1. Solving for changes in mass and volume
2. Calculating Rate of Change (ESRT Page 1)
Chemical:
Lab----Acid Rain and Rock Types
1. Solving for mass loss
2. Calculating Rate of Change
Be able to predict future changes based on observations and measurements.

10. Acid Rain and its Effects on Rocks: Exposure Time = 48 Hours
Rates of Weathering
Acid Rain and its Effects on Rocks: Exposure Time = 48 Hours
Rock Type
Initial Mass (g)
Final Mass (g)
Rate of Change
(g/hour)
Mass after 100 hours (g)
Marble
58.11
45.96
Sandstone
42.62
42.53
Calculate the rate of change for each rock type and predict the mass for each rock type if exposed for additional 52 hours.

11. Erosion = Transport Agents of erosion Wind Water Ice
Describe the agent of
erosion in the picture.

12. Particle Size and Water Velocity
Sediments were analyzed
near the shore of a nearby
stream. The sediments were
mostly between 0.2 – 1.2 cm in
diameter.
1.Which sediment particle
type has that diameter?
2. What velocity (cm/s) is required
to move the sediment particle?
3.If the sediment was compacted
and cemented together, what type
of sedimentary rock will it form?
4. The velocity of a stream was
measured to be 75 cm/s. What
sediments could be transported
at that velocity?

13. Characteristics of Sediments
Porosity
Permeability
Water retention
Saturation
Describe the relationship between
porosity and permeability
Describe the relationship between water retention and particle size
Describe the relationship between
Particle size and porosity/permeability

14. The diagram below shows columns A, B, C, and D that contain different sediments.
Equal volumes of water were poured through each column.
Which column of sediment retained the most water?
Which retained the least?
Which is most permeable?
Which is least permeable?

15. Stream and Meander Dynamics
The greatest stream velocities are found closest to points:
A and B
B and C
C and D
D and A
Erosion will occur at points:
Deposition will occur at points:
Which sediments will deposit first upon entering the lake?

16. The diagram below shows several different landscape features
The diagram below shows several different landscape features. Point X and Y indicate locations on the stream bank.
Identify which point, X or Y, has more stream erosion and explain why the amounts of erosion are different.
Explain why the stream meanders on the floodplain, but not in the mountains.
The beach consists of particles with diameters from 0.01 cm to 0.1 cm. Identify the sedimentary rock that will form when burial and cementation of these sediments occur.
Identify the feature at A. A

17. Resistance A cross-section of Niagara Falls
Which TWO rock units appear to be most resistant to weathering and erosion?
Lockport dolostone and Whirlpool sandstone
Rochester shale and Albion sandstone and shale
Clinton limestone and shale and Queenston shale
Thorold sandstone and Queenston shale

18. The block diagram shows a volcano
Which map shows the stream drainage pattern that most likely formed on the surface of this volcano?

19. Watersheds Watershed boundaries, or divides, are typically
defined by the highest
elevation that drains
a stream.

20. Stream Order Identify the correct Stream Order for each
of the following locations.

21. Rock Cycle
Page 6 of ESRT