1. Rocks
B. Sedimentary Rocks

2. What are sedimentary rocks formed from?
Where do sedimentary rocks form?
How do you turn sediment into rock?

3. Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediments

4. What are sediments?
When the process called weathering attacks rocks near or at the surface, the rocks are broken into fragments.
This fragmentary material is called sediment.
Sediments come in different shapes and sizes:
Boulders Silt
Pebbles mud
Gravel clay
Sand

5. Depositional Environments for Sediments or
Where sediments are deposited after they are transported

6. Where sediments accumulate:
a- alluvial fans h-deltas
b- Glaciers i- tidal flats
c- rivers j- continental shelf
d- dunes k-continental slope
e- lakes L-abyss
f- lagoons m-reefs
g- estuaries
There are three major deposition settings: continental, marginal marine, and marine

7. How do sediments become Sedimentary Rocks?
form by the lithification of unconsolidated sediments.
lithification is a process of compaction and cementation

8. What sediments produce what rocks?
Sandstone
Mudstone
Siltstone
Shale
Conglomerate
Breccia
Sediment
Sand
Mud
Silt
Clay
Rounded gravel
Angular gravel
These are called Detrital sedimentary rocks: because they are made of detritus or solid particles of other rocks

10. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
Sometimes material is dissolved in water as the rocks are weathered.
This material is transported to lakes and oceans where it can reform into minerals and rocks by:
inorganic chemical reactions
or the activities of organisms (organic).
these are often called biochemical sedimentary rocks

11. Chemical sedimentary Rocks (inorganic)
Sometimes when water evaporates, the dissolved chemical precipitate out minerals.
e.g. Rock salt ( NaCl )
Rock Gypsum ( CaSO4.2H2O )
Chert (SiO2) is a hard rock is is made of microscopic crystals of quartz. (can also be bio-chemical)
It comes in several colored varieties
flint (Black)
jasper (brown/red)
novaculite (white)
agate (banded)

12. Rock gypsum
Chert
Coal
Rock salt
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks

13. Bio-Chemical sedimentary Rocks (organic)
These are formed by living organisms
Chert can be made from the accumulations of silica shells
Coal is formed from woody land plant material
Limestone (fossilifereous) ( CaCO3) is formed from the accumulation of seashells
Limestone (chalk) ( CaCO3) is formed from the accumulation of microscopic shells

14. Bio-chemical Sedimentary Rocks
Limestone (fossiliferous) Limestone (chalk)

15. Some common Sedimentary Rocks you will have to learn.
Sandstone* Limestone (chalk)
Conglomerate*
Siltstone
Breccia*
Shale*
Mudstone*
Chert*
Coal*
Rock Salt
Limestone (fossiliferous)* * = must know for test

16. Sedimentary Structures: Crossbedding
= desert sand dune

17. Sedimentary Structures:Ripple marks
= streams, lake shores

18. Sedimentary Structures: Fossils
= environment, age, comparison