1. Video
Eyewitness Plant
Watch video and answer the questions

2. 4.2/4.3 Intro to Photosynthesis
Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 41
Topic: 4.2/4.3 Intro to Photosynthesis
Essential Question:
What are the roles of chloroplasts and chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
4.2/4.3 Intro to Photosynthesis
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
What are the roles of chloroplasts and chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
Key Concept: The overall process of photosynthesis produces sugars that store chemical energy

3. CA Standard
The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism’s cells.
1.F Know usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide.

4. Pg. 40
Discussion Questions
Imagine you just planted beautiful roses in your garden. What materials are crucial to the roses’ survival? In other words, what do the roses need to stay alive?

5. Water (H20) Sunlight Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Soil
What materials are crucial to the roses survival? In other words, what do the roses need to stay alive?

6. KEY CONCEPT The overall process of photosynthesis produces sugars that store chemical energy.

7. List a few things that use energy from sunlight.
Pg. 40

8. Solar powered homes, cars, and calculators are just a few things that use energy from sunlight.
In a way you are solar powered. Although the sun does not directly give you the energy.

9. How do we, as humans, get our chemical energy?

10. photosynthesis: Stores energy from sunlight in glucose
How do we, as humans, get our chemical energy?
Pg. 40
photosynthesis: Stores energy from sunlight in glucose
cellular respiration: breaks down glucose to release stored energy in the form of ATP

11. Photosynthesis is a process that captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy. Therefore, directly or indirectly, the energy for almost all organisms begins as sunlight.
Reactants
Products
(Sugar)

12. Photosynthetic organisms are producers.
Producers make their own source of chemical energy (they make their own food).
Ex: Plants

13. Video
Discovery of Photosynthesis

14. Chloroplasts are organelles where photosynthesis occurs
leaf cell
leaf
They contain Chlorophyll, which is a molecule that absorbs light energy.

15. Grana- stacks of thylakoids
Coin-shaped compartments that contain chlorophyll
Grana- stacks of thylakoids
Stroma
Fluid that surrounds the grana
chloroplast
stroma
granam
Thylakoid

16. Label this Chloroplast1 2 4 3
Reactants
10. 4. 1.
Contains: 2.
Products 5. 3. 6. 9. 7. 8.

17. Reactants 4. Thylakoid 1.chloroplast 2. sunlight Products 3. 6H2O
10. granum (stack of thylakoids)
4. Thylakoid
Contains: chlorophyll
1.chloroplast
2. sunlight
Products
3. 6H2O
5. 6O2
6. energy
thylakoid
stroma (fluid outside the thylakoids)
7. 6CO2
9. 1 six-carbon sugar
8. Calvin Cycle
C6H12O6

18. The equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon dioxide water light, enzymes a sugar oxygen
C6H12O6
granum (stack of thylakoids)
thylakoid
sunlight
1 six-carbon sugar
6H2O
6CO2
6O2
chloroplast 1 2 4 3
energy
stroma (fluid outside the thylakoids)

19. The equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO H2O  C6H12O O2
How many Cs?

20. The equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO H2O  C6H12O O2
How many Cs?

21. The equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO H2O  C6H12O O2
How many Cs?
How many Os?

22. The equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO H2O  C6H12O O2
How many Cs?
How many Os?

23. The equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO H2O  C6H12O O2
How many Cs?
How many O2s?
How many Hs?

24. The equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO H2O  C6H12O O2
How many Cs?
How many Os?
How many Hs?

25. The equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon dioxide water light, enzymes a sugar oxygen
C6H12O6
granum (stack of thylakoids)
thylakoid
sunlight
1 six-carbon sugar
6H2O
6CO2
6O2
chloroplast 1 2 4 3
energy
stroma (fluid outside the thylakoids)

26. Video
The Process of Photosynthesis

27. 4.2/4.3 Photosynthesis: Light Dependent Reactions
Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 43
Topic: 4.2/4.3 Light Dependent Reactions
Essential Question:
How do the two photosystems work together to capture energy from sunlight?
4.2/4.3 Photosynthesis: Light Dependent Reactions
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
How do the two photosystems work together to capture energy from sunlight?
Key Concept: Photosynthesis requires a series of chemical reactions

28. What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?
Sponge
What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?

29. Reactants: (What do we need for photosynthesis?
Sunlight
H2O water
CO2 carbon dioxide
Products:
O2 oxygen
Glucose (sugar)
The equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO H2O 
C6H12O O2

30. Light-dependent reactions capture energy from sunlight (The reactions depend on light!).

32. Light Dependent reactions- take place in the thylakoids
Sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll
6 H2O (water) molecules are broken down
H+, e-, O2
6 O2 (oxygen) are released as waste
The energy is carried by ATP and NADPH molecules to fuel the light independent reactions
LIGHT DEPENDENT IN A NUTSHELL

33. All 7 parts of Light-Dependent Reactions
Classwork
On pg. 42:
Make a flow map which includes the reactants and products of light dependent reactions
All 7 parts of Light-Dependent Reactions
Label Photosystem II and Photosystem I

34. LIGHT –DEPENDENT REACTIONS Pg. 42 INB Pg. 109-110 in book
REACTANTS 1. 3. 2.
Name
PRODUCTS 4. 5. 6. 7.
Name

35. Photosystem II 1. Chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight
The energy is transferred to electrons (e-) in the chlorophyll
These high energy electrons enter an Electron Transport Chain

36. 2.
Water molecules split:
Oxygen
released as waste
Hydrogen
Hydrogen ions (H+)
Electrons (e-)
The electrons from the water replace the electrons lost from the chlorophyll in step 1

37. 3.
Electrons move from protein to protein in the ETC
Their energy is used to pump the (H+) inside the thylakoid (against the concentration gradient)
H+ build up inside the thylakoid

38. Photosystem I 4. Absorb energy from sunlight
Electrons are energized and leave the chlorophyll
The e- on the ETC in Photosystem II will replace the e- lost in step 4

39. 5.
The energized electrons are added to a molecule called NADP+ (like ADP)

40. 5.
The energized electrons are added to a molecule called NADP+ (like ADP)
A molecule of NADPH (like ATP) is made
NADPH will continue to the Light-Independent reactions

41. 6.
H+ ions have built up inside the thylakoid from Photosystem II (more inside than outside)
H+ flow though a protein channel through diffusion

42. 7.
As H+ flow though the protein channel…
ATP synthase makes ATP by adding phosphates to ADP
ATP will move on to the Light-Independent Reactions

45. LIGHT -DEPENDENT REACTIONS H2O REACTANTS Sunlight Photosystem II
1. Energy is absorbed from sunlight by chlorophyll- Electrons enter E.T.C.
3. Electrons move through the ETC-Hydrogen ions (H+) transported inside thylakoid
2. Water molecules split: H+, Electrons, and O2
Photosystem II
Sunlight
Oxygen
Released as waste
PRODUCTS
4. Chlorophyll absorbs more energy from sunlight. Electrons leave to the ETC
5.Electrons added to NADP+ to make NADPH
NADPH
Photosystem I
6. Hydrogen Ions diffuse out of the thylakoid through a protein channel
7. As H+ ions flow through the protein channel, ATP is made
ATP

46. Please close notebooks…..
Light-Dependent Reactions Order Game
In pairs, put the Light-Dependent Reactions in order
1st 3 groups: Gets a treat!!!!

47. Video
Light Dependent Reactions

48. 4.2/4.3 Photosynthesis: Light Independent Reactions
Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 45
Topic: 4.2/4.3 Photosynthesis: Light Independent Reactions
Essential Question:
Explain the relationship between light-dependent and the light-independent reactions.
4.2/4.3 Photosynthesis: Light Independent Reactions
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Explain the relationship between light-dependent and the light-independent reactions.

49. The energy from both NADPH and ATP is used to make sugars during light-independent reactions.
Light-Dependent Reactions

50. The light-independent reactions use energy from light-dependent reactions to make sugars.
takes place in the stroma
needs 6 CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) from atmosphere
uses light-Dependent ATP/NADPH (energy) to build a sugar molecule which stores some of the energy that was captured from sunlight
LIGHT INDEPENDENT IN A NUTSHELL

51. Calvin Cycle

52. The energy from the light dependent reactions is used for a series of reactions called the Calvin Cycle.
Calvin Cycle: uses carbon dioxide CO2 gas from the atmosphere and the energy carried by ATP and NADPH to make simple sugars. 1
6-carbon sugar made

53. 1. a CO2 molecule is added to a 5-carbon molecule already in the Calvin Cycle.
A 6-carbon molecule is formed 1. +

54. 2. ATP and NADPH are used to split the six-carbon molecules
Two 3-Carbon molecules are formed 2. +

55. 3. Most of the 3-Carbon molecules stay in the Calvin Cycle
One high energy 3-Carbon molecule leaves the cycle for every 3 CO2 molecules that enter the cycle (3 turns)
After two leave (6 turns), they bond together, forming a 6-Carbon sugar molecule
This one has been waiting… 3. +

56. These will be added to CO2 and the cycle continues…
4. Energy from ATP is used to change the remaining carbon molecules back into 5-carbon molecules
These will be added to CO2 and the cycle continues…
This one has been waiting… 3. +

57. Calvin Cycle
Draw/label on pg. 44 2. 3. 1. 4.

58. Video
Calvin Cycle

60. Light-dependent reactions capture energy from sunlight and produces oxygen as a byproduct.
Light-independent reactions use energy from the light-dependent reactions to make sugars.
ATP NADPH

61. Video
Photosynthesis in Detail

62. ….Reactants…..
….Products…..
Key: Glucose (sugar) Light Dependent Light Independent
Sunlight Thylakoid Chloroplast Calvin Cycle
H2O CO2 O2 Stroma Photosystem I Photosystem ll

63. ….Reactants….. Calvin Cycle ….Products….. Glucose Light Dependent
Light Independent
H2O
CO2
….Reactants…..
Sunlight
Stroma
Thylakoid
Calvin
Cycle
Photosystem ll
Photosystem I
Chloroplast
….Products….. O2
Glucose