1. Sketches and Working Drawings
Sketches are freehand drawings of an object for a project done in order to get the idea down on paper.
Sketches are not usually drawn to scale.
Neatly drawn sketches with fairly accurate dimensions are usually sufficient for simple projects.
Sketches of larger and more complicated projects can serve as the basis for accurate working drawings.
Working drawings are complete drawings done in universal graphic language so that the object depicted can be constructed from the drawing alone without additional information.
Dimensions - Working drawings use lines scaled to the dimensions of the actual objects.
Views - Working drawings show specific views of an object with enough detail to enable project construction.`
Most working drawings show three separate sides of an object from three flat, head-on views.
Pictorial drawings show three sides of an object together in one view.

2. About Building Plans Are like maps Provide important information
Dimension
Direction
Heights
Have standard symbols & signs
Drawn to scale
Give different views & sections

3. Building Plans Have: Position of boundary pegs Boundary lines
Building lines
Walls & fixtures
Heights
Pegs
Natural ground level (NGL)
Finished ground level (FGL)
Finished floor level (FFL)
Cardinal direction
Plot number
Other specific information

4. Drawing to Scale
Scale drawing permits the size of the object to be reduced proportionally in order for it to be drawn on the size of paper chosen.
Common scales of a drawing may be 1mm, 10mm, 50mm, 100mm, to represent one metre. For example, 10mm = 1 metre.
A scale rule is the most common type of scale used for drawing scale projects.
Its main divisions at the end of the scale, which are in centimetres or millimetres, represent one metre.
The divisions may be subdivided into smaller parts

5. Let’s balance things out
Scale:
Standard scale is
1 : 100
Sometimes
1 : 50
Site Plans often
1 : 500
Let’s balance things out

6. Types of Lines Used in Drawings
a. Border line: a heavy, solid line drawn parallel to the edge of the
drawing paper.
b. Object line: a solid line representing the visible edges and form
of an object.
c. Hidden line: a series of dashes which indicate the presence of
hidden edges.
d. Dimension line: a solid line with arrowheads at both ends to
indicate the length, width, or height of an object.
e. Extension line: a solid line indicating the exact area specified
by a dimension.
f. Break line: a solid, zigzag line which indicates that part of the
object being drawn is not fully illustrated or has been left out.
g. Center line: a long-short-long line used to depict the center of a
round object.
h. Leader line: a solid line with an arrow pointing from an
explanatory note to a specific feature of an object.

7. Basic Symbols - Walls
110 mm
220 mm
330 mm

8. Windows
110 mm
220 mm

9. Direction of door opening
Doors
900 mm
110 mm
2100 mm
Direction of door opening

10. Showers
220 mm
110 mm
900 mm

11. Kitchen Sink
STANDARD SIZES
900mm, 1200mm, 1500mm, 1800mm, 2100 mm

12. Basin
600 mm

13. Toilet

18. Elevations

19. Floor plan for 6 boys and 6 girls toilets
Basins
Girls
Boys A

20. Cross Section AA Tin / Asb. sheets Window Partition wall Outside basin
Conc. foundation & slab

22. Compiled & developed by
V Govindsamy