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Published byAlexandria Toller Modified over 9 years ago
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Vertebrates: Part I Fishes & Amphibians
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Phylum Chordata Chordates: includes all the vertebrates Have 3 common characteristics: –Nerve Cord: hollow tube that hold nervous tissue –Notochord: rod that runs down the back for support (in higher vertebrates it is replaced with the vertebral column) –Throat with gill slits: used for breathing (in higher vertebrates these turn into the trachea)
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Phylum Chordata There are 5 groups in the phylum Chordata we will study –3 groups are cold blooded: no internal temp regulation. They take on the temp of their surroundings –2 groups are warmblooded: maintain a constant body temp
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Phylum Chordata The 5 Groups: –Fish: cold blooded –Amphibians: cold blooded –Birds: warm blooded –Reptiles: cold blooded –Mammals: warm blooded
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Fishes Live in freshwater or saltwater Bone or cartilage protects brain & spinal cord Gills for respiration Mostly external fertilization
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Fishes 3 Characteristics: –Scales –Fins –Throat with gill slits Closed Circulatory System Well developed nervous system Keen sense of smell and taste
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Classes of Fishes Jawless Fish –Lamprey, Hagfish Cartilaginous Fish –Sharks, rays, and Skates Bony Fish –Most common fish
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Jawless Fish Have no bone, only cartilage Flexible Use teeth and their tongue to eat
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Cartilaginous Fish No bones, only cartilage Toothlike scales Sharks can have 1000’s of teeth in up to 20 rows
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Cartilaginous Fish Skates and Rays use poison or electric volts to stun their prey
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Bony Fish Have bony skeleton Most common type of fish Many different species Have paired fins
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Bony Fish Swim in Schools Swim Bladders: gas filled sac that gives fish buoyancy
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Fish Structure
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Amphibians (Amphi- double) Cold Blooded Most have metamorphosis Breathe with gills when immature and lungs and skin when they are adult Use both internal and external fertilization
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WHY THEY LIVE ON LAND AND WATER Drying out: skin needs to be moist to breathe Respiration: use gills as a baby Reproduction: eggs don’t have hard shell
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AMPHIBIANS 2 Groups –frogs, toads –salamanders, newts
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FROGS AND TOADS Hibernate during winter Skin: –Frogs: smooth and moist –Toads: warty and dry Large hind legs for jumping: helps them to escape predators Lay their eggs in water
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Frog Life Cycle
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SALAMANDER & NEWTS VERY SIMILIAR TO FROGS EXCEPT: –No large back legs: cant jump –Do not hibernate Lay their eggs in water
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SALAMANDERS & NEWTS Clawless Have short smooth moist bodies Long tail. They do not have scales.
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